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Interannual variations of normalized difference vegetation index and potential evapotranspiration and their relationship in the Baghdad area
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Abstract<p>A monthly correlation between urban vegetation growth and potential evapotranspiration (PET) is needed for better knowledge of controlling water resources and organized irrigation processes. This study aims to explore their relationship within an urban area like Baghdad, using a linear regression model to derive a best-fit line drawn in a scatterplot on a monthly time scale. Based on two different monthly data sources: weather variables (e.g., air temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity) and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery of 2 years, 2018 and 2021, this study presented the interannual variations of PET and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The choice of these years has a significant feature of climatic differences, which are arid and semi-arid, respectively. PET values were estimated by the Truc method, while the areas of vegetation (represented by NDVI) were calculated using the Geographic Information Sensing program. The results show that the maximum PET in both years was found in the summer months (June and July) with mean values of about 8.8 mm/day, while their minimum mean values of about 1.5 mm/day occurred in winter months (January and December). From the spatial distribution of NDVI, it was found that at positive pixels when NDVI >0.2, vegetation cover in March, April, and December 2018 had large areas with more than 200 km<sup>2</sup> in 2018, while they were largest only in May 2021 with 197.8 km<sup>2</sup>. There was a linear correlation with slope (0.03) and intercept (= 1.8) and a strong correlation, <italic>R</italic> <sup>2</sup> = 0.72. The practical implications of the findings contribute to enhancing a solid scientific basis for improving agricultural water management, especially under dry conditions.</p>
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 02 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
ACADEMIC TRAINING IN MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION SCIENCES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MEDIA PRACTICE:: (Reading In The Nature Of The Relationship: Integration Or Separation)
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The aim of this scientific study is to diagnose the nature of the relationship between academic education in the field of media, communication and media practice. The university offers theoretical and practical lessons to students on the concepts of communication sciences, theories, models, legislations, ethics, and techniques over three years or more. And the diploma in the field of communication and Media Sciences gives students the opportunity to work in the field of journalism and media in the future, this is what many academics and media thinkers in Algeria believe, while another trend sees the exact opposite: The study of information and communication sciences within the university in the form of theoretical lessons cannot contribu

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Social intelligence and its role in demonstration the Potential abilities for individuals
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Abstract

          The following research is marked by "social intelligence and its role in demonstration the potential abilities for individuals." The discussion dealt with the concepts of contemporary is very important because of their significant role in influencing the work of the Organization, as adopted link between the concepts of social intelligence and the potential role of the first to show the second .The research hypotheses tested in three health institutions in the city of Mosul, the research community is represented (Al-Salam Hospital and General Hospital and the son of ether), while the sample were the leaders of these institutio

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Youth and Sports Forums’ Administration and Their Relationship with Baghdad’s Youth and Sport Directorates Forum Organizational Culture from Workers’ Point of View
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The study aimed at identifying youth and sport forums from planning and leadership point of view and their relation with organizational culture. The researchers used the descriptive method on (140) worker in Baghdad youth and sport forums. A scale was designed for measuring planning and leadership in youth and sport forums as well as designing a scale for measuring organizational culture. After the application of the main experiment, the results showed that both youth and sport forum administration scale and organizational culture scale are appropriate to the study community. Finally the researchers recommended using these scales by workers in youth and sport forums and involving administration mangers in periodical training courses

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
"The relationship between the profits management and profits quality and their impact on users of accounting information (A comparative study of a sample of banks listed in the Iraqi market for securities)
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The aim of the research is to determine the impact of profit management practices on the quality of profits through the use of flexibility in determining accounting methods and practices profit information is one of the most important information that concerns current users in general and observing users in particular. Some corporations managements manipulate the results of the company's profit or loss (income statement) and financial position statement with multiple reasons, including capital market motivations to raise their share prices in the stock market and attract investors, and on the other hand the motives of funding and borrowing loans, and the use of the flexibility in accounting policies and estimates to change the in

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 22 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Splitting the One-Dimensional Wave Equation. Part I: Solving by Finite-Difference Method and Separation Variables
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In this study, an unknown force function dependent on the space in the wave equation is investigated. Numerically wave equation splitting in two parts, part one using the finite-difference method (FDM). Part two using separating variables method. This is the continuation and changing technique for solving inverse problem part in (1,2). Instead, the boundary element method (BEM) in (1,2), the finite-difference method (FDM) has applied. Boundary data are in the role of overdetermination data. The second part of the problem is inverse and ill-posed, since small errors in the extra boundary data cause errors in the force solution. Zeroth order of Tikhonov regularization, and several parameters of regularization are employed to decrease error

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 02 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Entomology And Zoology Studies
Genomic diversity and prevalence of Rotavirus in cow and buffalo calves in middle area of Iraq
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A total of 335 suspected fecal sample were collected from calf of cattle and buffalo with age in between (3 days to 4 months) from middle area of Iraq between November 2016 to May 2017.

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Determination of Magnitudes and Orientation of the Paleostress of Bekhme Structure in Shaqlawa area, Northerneastern Iraq
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This study presents determination of the paleostress magnitudes and orientation of Bekhme Structure in Shaqlawa area northeastern Iraq. Paleostress Analysis of slip-fault measurements is performed using Right dihedral, Lisle diagram and Mohr Circles methods. Depending on Mohr Circles, Bott law and vertical thickness, the magnitudes of the paleostress at the time of the tectonic activity were determined. Firstly, Georient Software was used to estimate the orientation of the paleostresses (σ1, σ2 and σ3). Secondly, using the rupture –friction law, taking into account depth of the overburden and the vertical stress (σv) was calculated to determine the magnitude of the paleostresses (σ1=4500 bars, σ2=1

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Genetic Variations of Echinococcus granulosus Isolated from Sheep and Cows by Using Fingerprint DNA Method in Iraq
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The fingerprinting DNA method which depends on the unique pattern in this study was employed to detect the hydatid cyst of Echinococcus granulosus and to determine the genetic variation among their strains in different intermediate hosts (cows and sheep).  The unique pattern represents the number of amplified bands and their molecular weights with specialized sequences to one sample which different from the other samples.   Five hydatitd cysts samples  from cows and sheep were  collected, genetic analysis for  isolated DNA was done using PCR technique and  Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA reaction(RAPD) depending on (4) random primers, and the results showed:      

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Publication Date
Sun May 28 2017
Journal Name
Curr Res Microbiol Biotechnol
Human Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Seropositivity among Pregnant Women in Baghdad City and Their Relations to the Abortion Factors
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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2020
Journal Name
Chemosphere
Sorption and degradation of ranitidine in soil: Leaching potential assessment
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