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Interannual variations of normalized difference vegetation index and potential evapotranspiration and their relationship in the Baghdad area
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Abstract<p>A monthly correlation between urban vegetation growth and potential evapotranspiration (PET) is needed for better knowledge of controlling water resources and organized irrigation processes. This study aims to explore their relationship within an urban area like Baghdad, using a linear regression model to derive a best-fit line drawn in a scatterplot on a monthly time scale. Based on two different monthly data sources: weather variables (e.g., air temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity) and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery of 2 years, 2018 and 2021, this study presented the interannual variations of PET and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The choice of these years has a significant feature of climatic differences, which are arid and semi-arid, respectively. PET values were estimated by the Truc method, while the areas of vegetation (represented by NDVI) were calculated using the Geographic Information Sensing program. The results show that the maximum PET in both years was found in the summer months (June and July) with mean values of about 8.8 mm/day, while their minimum mean values of about 1.5 mm/day occurred in winter months (January and December). From the spatial distribution of NDVI, it was found that at positive pixels when NDVI >0.2, vegetation cover in March, April, and December 2018 had large areas with more than 200 km<sup>2</sup> in 2018, while they were largest only in May 2021 with 197.8 km<sup>2</sup>. There was a linear correlation with slope (0.03) and intercept (= 1.8) and a strong correlation, <italic>R</italic> <sup>2</sup> = 0.72. The practical implications of the findings contribute to enhancing a solid scientific basis for improving agricultural water management, especially under dry conditions.</p>
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Publication Date
Tue May 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Synthesis, Characterization and the Corrosion Inhibition Study of Two Schiff Base Ligands Derived From Urea and Thiourea and Their Complexes with Cu(II) and Hg(II) Ions
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
THEEXPOSURE OF BAGHDAD SLUM RESIDENTS TO TELEVISION DRUG ADVERTISEMENTS AND ITS TRENDS: THEEXPOSURE OF BAGHDAD SLUM RESIDENTS TO TELEVISION DRUG ADVERTISEMENTS AND ITS TRENDS
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The advancement of science and technology in recent years has led to heavy and diversified production and thus market congestion in various goods and services; which led to an increase of competition among advertisers in order to meet the needs and wishes and to upgrade to the level of consumers. These upgrades have imposed an increase in the usage of the promotions, including advertising in terms of quantity and quality, to influence and persuade customers innovatively and creatively using all available mass media.

The research aims to identify the attitudes of residents of poor areas towards television advertisements for medicines, and the impact of those advertisements on them in terms of making purch

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Indonesian Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of MCF-7 (Breast Cancer) for Schiff, Mannich Bases, and Their Complexes
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A new synthesis of Schiff (K) 6 and Mannich bases (Q) 7 had formed compound (Q) 7 by reacting compound (K) with N-methylaniline at the presence of formalin 35% to given Mannich base (Q). Additionally, new complexes were formed by reacting Schiff base (K) with metal salts CuCl2·2H2O, PdCl2·2H2O, and PtCl6·6H2O by 2:1 of M:L ratio. New ligands and their complexes were characterized, exanimated, and confirmed through several techniques, including FTIR, UV-visible, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, CHN analysis, FAA, TG, molar conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility. These compounds and their complexes were screened against breast cancer cells. It was determined that several of these compounds had a significant anti-breast cancer effec

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 13 2025
Journal Name
Molecular Crystals And Liquid Crystals
Synthesis, characterization and mesomorphic behavior of twin pyrazole ligands and their metal complexes containing dithiocarbamat units
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Jordan Journal Of Biological Sciences
Extraction of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans Biofilm and Studying their Cytotoxic Effects on Human Lymphocytes
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Publication Date
Wed Jul 07 2010
Journal Name
Al-mustansiriya J. Sci
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of New Heterocyclic Azo Dye and Their Complexes with Selected Metal Ion
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Coupling reaction of 4-aminoantipyrene with 8-hydroxyqunoline gave the new bidentate azo ligand 5-(4-antipyrene azo)-8-hydroxyqunoline. Treatment of this ligand with the following metals ions (MnII, CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII) in aqueous ethanol with a 1:2 M:L ratio yielded a series of neutral complexes of the general formula [M(L)2Cl2]. The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption, FT.IR, UV-Vis spectroscopic as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. Chloride ion content were also evaluated by (Mohr Method). From above data, the proposed molecular structure for these complexes as octahedral geometry.

Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Detection of Leishmania tropica Using Nested-PCR and Some of Their Virulence Factors in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of endemic diseases in Iraq. It is considered as widely health problem and is an uncontrolled disease. The aim of the study is to identify of Leishmania species that cause skin lesions among patients in Thi-Qar Province, South of Iraq, also to detect some virulence factors of L. tropica. This study includes three local locations, Al-Hussein Teaching, Suq Al-Shyokh General and Al-Shatrah General Hospitals in Province for the period from the beginning of December 2018 to the end of September 2019. The samples were collected from 80 patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis, both genders, different ages, various residence places and single and multiple lesions. Nested-PCR technique was

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 28 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Proactive leadership and its relationship to managing the organizational error of the Iraqi Handball Federation from the point of view of the clubs participating in the Iraqi Elite League for the season 2023-2024
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This research seeks to study the role of proactive leadership as an essential element that helps all federations that lead the wheel of sports, including the Iraqi Handball Federation, so that it builds a correct environment that helps manage the organizational errors that the Handball Federation may fall into, and this in turn helps in early detection of errors and obstacles that may occur. It is likely that the Federation will fall into the process of managing and organizing the Iraqi Handball League, in addition to increasing the clubs’ ability to assist the Iraqi Handball Federation by being proactive so as not to make mistakes. The research community included the administrative bodies of the clubs participating in the Iraqi E

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
SiCi_xNxthin films preparation by TEA-Co2 Laser induced Vapor-phase reaction and study of the nature of chemical bonds and some their electrical and optical properties
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A pulsed (TEA-0O2) laser was used to dissociate molecules of silane ethylene (C2I-14) and ammonia (NH3) gases, through collision assisted multiple photon dissociation (MPD) to deposit(SiC i_xNx) thin films, where the X-values are 0, 0.13 and 0.33, on glass substrate at T,----648 K. deposition rate of (0.416-0.833) nm/pulse and thickness of (500-1000)nm .Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) was used to study the nature of the chemical bonds that exist in the films. Results revealed that these films contain complex networks of the atomic (Si, C, and N), other a quantity of atomic hydrogen and chemical bonds such as (Si-N, C-N, C-14 and N-H).Absorbance and Transmittance spectra in the wavelength range (400-1100) nm were used to stud

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
SYNTHESISAND STUDY OF THE COMPLEXES OF: N-(3,4,5-TRIMETHOXY PHENYL)-N- BENZOYL THIOUREA (TMPBT) WITH A NUMBER OF TRANSITION METALS AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL AND MEDICAL IMPORTANCE: SYNTHESISAND STUDY OF THE COMPLEXES OF: N-(3,4,5-TRIMETHOXY PHENYL)-N- BENZOYL THIOUREA (TMPBT) WITH A NUMBER OF TRANSITION METALS AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL AND MEDICAL IMPORTANCE
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This paper performance for preparation and identification of six new complexes of a number of transition metals Cr (lII), Mn (I1), Fe (l), Co (II), Ni (I1), Cu (Il) with: N - (3,4,5-Trimethoxy phenyl-N - benzoyl Thiourea (TMPBT) as a bidentet ligand. The prepared complexes have been characterized, identified on the basis of elemental analysis (C.H.N), atomic absorption, molar conductivity, molar-ratio ,pH effect study, I. Rand UV spectra studies. The complexes have the structural formula ML2X3 for Cr (III), Fe (III), and ML2X2 for Mn (II), Ni (II), and MLX2 for Co (Il) , Cu (Il).

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