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Performance Evaluation of Polyethersulfone Membranes for Competitive Removal of Cd2+, Co2+, and Pb2+ Ions from Simulated Groundwater
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This paper presents studying the performance of three types of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane for the simultaneous removal of Co2+ ions, Cd2+ ions, and Pb2+ ions from binary and ternary aqueous solutions. Co2+ ions, Cd2+ ions, and Pb2+ ions with two different initial concentrations (e.g., 10 and 50 ppm) were selected as examples of heavy metals that contaminate the groundwater as a result of geological and human activities. This study investigated the effect of types of PES membrane and metal ions concentration on the separation process. For the binary aqueous solutions, the permeation flux of the PES2 membranes was higher for the separation process of solutions containing 50 ppm of Cd2+ ions and 10 ppm of Co2+ ions (24.7 L/m2·h) and Pb2+ ions (23.7 L/m2·h). All the metals in the binary solutions had high rejection when their initial concentration was lower than the initial concentration of the other metal present in the same solution. Using PES2, the maximum rejection of Cd2+ ions was 61.3% when the initial concentrations were 50 ppm Pb2+ ions: 10 ppm Cd2+ ions and 55.4% for Pb2+ ions when the initial concentrations were 10 ppm Pb2+ ions: 50 ppm Cd2+ ions. For the ternary aqueous solutions, the rejection and the permeation flux of the PES membranes increased with decreasing the heavy metal initial concentration. Using PES2, the maximum permeation flux was 21.6 L/m2·h when the initial concentration of the metals was 10 ppm; and the maximum rejection of the metals obtained at initial concentration of 10 ppm was 50.5% for Co2+ ions, 48.3% for Cd2+ ions, and 40% for Pb2+ ions. The results of the filtration process using PES2 of simulated contaminated-groundwater indicated the efficient treatment of groundwater containing Co2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions.

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
THE PROBLEM OF RANDOMSLAUGHTER IN BAGHDAD AND THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING MOBILE SLAGHTERHOUSEES TO REDUCE THEM: THE PROBLEM OF RANDOMSLAUGHTER IN BAGHDAD AND THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING MOBILE SLAGHTERHOUSEES TO REDUCE THEM
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One of the most important elements of achieving food security is livestock, which is an essential element in the agricultural sector, and is one of the state support sectors. Animal production (sheep) ranked an important position in this sector due to the economic advantages that are available when rearing. Moreover, the success and development of sheep breeding depend on several factors, including financial return and achieving profitability. The study aims to identify the phenomenon size of random slaughter as a problem, which spread in Baghdad and its causes and the factors that influencing its development. As well as, the possibility of applying the idea of a​​mobile slaughterhouse to reduce this phenomen

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of organizational change in easing the organizational conflict: an exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of managers and workers in Iraq to EarthLink Network Services Company And communications
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Research on the role of organizational change in easing the organizational conflict focuses for being one of the important topics and relatively modern and which have a significant impact on the future of organizations, so this study was to identify the relationship and the impact of organizational change and of deportation (technological, organizational structure, human resources, the change in the task) at the organizational conflict in the Earth company link Iraq, in order to reach the goals of the research, it has been the development of a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of (100) composed employees from managers and heads of departments and the people and staff at the Earth company link Iraq, the study found: the

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 23 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
UTILIZATION OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING TO EXTEND SHELF LIFE AND MAINTAIN QUALITY OF KHALAL BARHI DATES: UTILIZATION OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING TO EXTEND SHELF LIFE AND MAINTAIN QUALITY OF KHALAL BARHI DATES
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Barhi dates fruit are one of the most important date palm cultivars which are some of their properties they are mostly eaten and sold at the khalal stage when it has become yellow compared with rutab stage. At this stage the fruit loses its astringency and becomes sweet and best texture, therefore. High moisture content and rapid ripening of Barhi dates shorten their shelf life, as well the Khalal stage lasts for about 4 weeks until the ripening of the fruits begins and transfer to rutab stage. In the present study, Barhi dates packaging in the first by common air - packaging and
second by Modified atmosphere packaging, MAP A (5% O2 + 20% CO2) and MAP B (40%O2+20%CO2) and stored for 30 days at different temperatures 5 and 20 °C, re

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 30 2025
Journal Name
مجلة القادسية للقانون والعلوم السياسية
Insurance of Unlawful Risks: Towards a Reinterpretation of Public Policy in Light of the Protection of Innocent Victims and Freedom of Contract
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The issue of insurance against unlawful risks raises a jurisprudential and judicial debate between two opposing trends: the first considers coverage of these risks invalid due to their impact on public order or morals, while the second—which this research analyses—calls for the possibility of covering these risks in specific circumstances, based on contractual considerations in accordance with the principle that the contract is the law of the contracting parties, and based on the obligation to compensate the harmed third party—the victim—who has no connection to the unlawful act. In this context, our research highlights that contractual considerations can justify coverage of some unlawful risks, provided that the goal is to achieve

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 15 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of SOLO and sodium hypochlorite disinfectant on some properties of different types of dental stone
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Background: Dental casts come into direct contact with impression materials and other items that are contaminated by saliva and blood from a patient's mouth, leaving the casts susceptible to cross-contamination. The disinfectant solutions of the impression materials cause various adverse reactions. Therefore, disinfection of dental casts may be effective in preventing cross infection. This study was carried out to evaluate the surface hardness, dimensional accuracy, reproduction of details and surface porosity of type III, type IV and type IV extra hard dental stone after immersion in and spray by using SOLO and Sodium hypochlorite disinfectant solutions. Materials and methods: 240 Stone samples were prepared in rubber rings, A total of 60

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The importance of measuring and accounting disclosure of intellectual capital To maximize the value of the company
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Most of the big companies and especially the intillictual ones become a ware of an important fact, and That is, The intillictual capital in new global economy, is a new source for Them & This Valuable source exceed in importance. The other company's sources.

The Traditional disclouser systemes are unable to supply the decisions makers with the Fundimental information require to handel the on going operations which are based on Knowledge and intangible source. But the measuring of this source and the disclose for it in the financial Statements will lead to gain features Statements which will benefit all the parties and lead to make the value of the company great.

And as a resul

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 14 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of Acidic and Energy Drinks on Surface Roughness of Three Types of Bulk Fill Composite Materials
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ABSTRACT Background: This study aimed to study the effect of some acidic drinks (Vinegars and fresh Orange juice) and energy drinks (Red bull) on surface roughness of three types of bulkfill composite materials: Filtek posterior bulkfill (3M), Sonicfill (Kerr) and Filtek p60 (3M). Materials and Methods: Total number of 120 samples are prepared by using a mold of (12mm diameter and 3mm height), which were divided into three groups forty samples for each group: Group A: Filtek bulkfill posterior composite (3M), Group B: Sonicfill composite (Kerr), Group C: Filtek P60 (3 M) which then divided into four sub- groups (n=10) (1) samples were kept in distilled water as a control group (2) samples were immersed in Redbull (3) samples were immersed

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 18 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of SOLO and sodium hypochlorite disinfectant on some properties of different types of dental stone
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Background: Dental casts come into direct contact with impression materials and other items that are contaminated by saliva and blood from a patient's mouth, leaving the casts susceptible to cross-contamination. The disinfectant solutions of the impression materials cause various adverse reactions. Therefore, disinfection of dental casts may be effective in preventing cross infection. This study was carried out to evaluate the surface hardness, dimensional accuracy, reproduction of details and surface porosity of type III, type IV and type IV extra hard dental stone after immersion in and spray by using SOLO and Sodium hypochlorite disinfectant solutions. Materials and methods: 240 Stone samples were prepared in rubber rings, A total of 60

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 07 2011
Journal Name
Ibn Al- Haitham J. For Pure & Appl. Sci.
Assessment of the Level of Trace Metals in Commonly Edible Vegetables and Fruits of Baghdad City (Iraq)
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A study was carried out to determine the concentrations of trace metals in vegetables and fruits, which are locally available in the markets of Baghdad-samples of fourteen varieties of vegetables and fruits, belonging to Beta vulgaris, Brassica rapa, Daucus carota, Allium cepa, Eurica sativa, Malva silvestris, Coriandrum Sativum, Trigonella Foenum craecum, Anethum graveolens, Barassica oleracea, Phaseolus vulgaris, citrus reticulata, Py rus malus, and Punica granatum. Analysis for Cd,Pb, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn were determined by flame atomic absorption sp ectrophotometry. The results indicated that the Malva silvestris recorded the highest concentrations of Cd and Mn while Allium cepa showed the highest concentrations of Pb and Cu. But E

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Publication Date
Tue May 28 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Optics
Study of the optical properties of aluminum films and the effect of current frequency on plasma parameters
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