Background: The treatment of dental tissues proceeding to adhesive procedures is a crucial step in the bonding protocol and decides the clinical success ofrestorations. This study was conducted in vitro, with the aim of evaluating thenanoleakage on the interface between the adhesive system and the dentine treated by five surface modalities using scanning electron microscopy and energydispersiveX-ray spectrometry. Materials and methods: Twenty five extracted premolars teeth were selected in the study. Standardized class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces then the teeth divided into five main groups of (5 teeth in each group n=10) according to the type of dentine surface treatment that was used: Group (A): dentine was conditioning with Er, Cr: YSGG laser. Group (B): dentine was conditioning with (Er, Cr: YSGG laser + acid). Group (C): dentine was conditioning with (acid + Er, Cr: YSGG laser). Group (D): dentine was conditioning with acid etch. Group (E): dentine was conditioning with acid + 10% sodium hypochlorite. For All the teeth SBMP adhesive were used and restored with Z250 composite restoration then all specimens were subjected to thermocycling 500 cycles, at 5° to 55 °C. The teeth were soaked in silver nitrate suspension. Then the teeth sectioned bucco-lingually across the centre of the restorations. The specimens were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and the amount of nanoleakage was measured by EDX spectro-analysis to identify the existence of metallic silver particles. Results: Data were analysed statistically by one way ANOVA test and (LSD) Tests. The results showed that there were statistically highly significant differences among all groups of the present study.The resultshowed that the acid and laser (group III) exhibited the lowest mean value of nanoleakage at around (6.14 %), whereas the highest mean value of nanoleakage (12.83 %) was determined by the only acid (group IV). Conclusions: Treating the acid etched dentine with Er: Cr: YSGG laser showed promising results as it exhibits lowest amount of nanoleakage of the adhesive bonding system.
In this paper, we study flow of photons rate production in a quark-gluon QG plasma. General theory of this study is based on the field theory for hard interaction. The kinetic of photons production from hard interaction in charm with anti-top to production photons with gluon due to plasma phase at high temperatures (150, 200,250,300 and 350 MeV) .It has been investigated and studied using the postulate of quantum chromodynamic theory QCD .The photons production rate of hard photons with( GeV) are insensitive to strength coupling and depend mainly on the temperature of system T . Despite the different critical temperature (150 and 190MeV) comes, we ï¬nd that same order of flow rate photons magnitude in both cases. In both cases, the f
... Show MoreIn this study, 158 clinical samples were collected from hospitalized burn patients during the period from December 2012 to June 2013 in Karbala province\ Iraq. Bacterial isolates were identified using conventional biochemical tests and then identification was confirmed by using Vitek-2 compact system. Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovery was 60 isolates in this study. These isolates were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility by the disk diffusion test (DDT) according to Kirby Bauer's method using seven clinically important antipseudomonal agents: carbapenems (Imipenem and Meropenem), pencillins (Piperacillin), cephalosporins (Ceftazidim), monobactam (Aztreonam), quinolones (Ciprofloxacin) and aminoglycosides (Gentamicin). The results of resi
... Show MoreThis study was designed to determine the colonization of the in-use hand washing soaps in hospital settings. It is a comparative cross-sectional research in a surgical specialties and Baghdad teaching hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. Swabs from surfaces of bar soaps and from liquid soaps via their applicator tips; at the sinks of toilets of hospital staff and working rooms of the wards were taken in January 2008. Conventional microbiologic methods were used for culture of the swabs and identification of the isolates. Colonization was detected 60% and 15.9% in bars and liquid forms respectively. And this lead to the conclusion that bar soaps could be colonized with microorganisms excessively. Liquid hand washing soaps are more appropriate in ho
... Show MoreDNA, as the basis of every living cell, is one of the most important and influential scientific discoveries. This research aims to identify and compare the organizational DNA to the leadership practices of school principals in the Sultanate of Oman and to reveal the similarity between principals’ leadership practices and the structure of DNA. In addition, it intends to identify any statistically significant differences between the responses of the participants due to the study variables: gender, job title and experience. A questionnaire was designed and data were collected from a randomly selected sample composed of (100) teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. The study found limitless diversity in the characteristics of DNA of leadership
... Show MoreThe term “non-violence” is a means of political, social, and advocacy that excludes force in reaching its objectives, and lacks infringement of the rights of non-violence. The policy of non-violence is a beautiful logic of the whole of Islamic creation, in that it is an integral part of the whole structure of Islam and it is a policy of brilliant and brilliant saying in the Almighty: `` Neither level nor good or bad, pay what is better, If that between you and him enmity as if he were intimate guardian (Suratvsalat, verse: 34. Has According to the prophet of Islam, it means that God gives to kindness (kindness) what does not give to violence (Sunan Abu Dawood, 4/255). These terms accurately communicate what is meant by violence and n
... Show MoreBetween decline and appearing dichotomy, art history comes to announce birth of an era that glories past and find new names that are emerged from yearning to past and represented by neo-classical, By refusing the previous approaches and create topics that touché culture and derived from it through s revitalizing ideal beauty standards. One of neo-classical artists, who tried to simulate the classical works, is (Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres), who put framework for semantic aesthetic of the art form by revitalizing past glories and deeply searching myths and cultures through finding special artistic features that emphasizes artist own stylistics and identity. This research studies artistic features of women form in (Jean-Auguste-D
The life on earth is driven by energy, supplied by the tiny organelles of the cell called mitochondria and they are usually stated as the powerhouses of the cell. In population genetics, Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is used extensively to categorize individuals or populations. The mutation sites observed in human mtDNA by comparing with the reference sequence (rCRS) are termed into definite human mtDNA haplogroups. Previous studies showed that mtDNA specific haplogroups and polymorphisms were established to be linked with various human diseases, including cancer in numerous populations. Furthermore, it is also known that several mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms are implicated in enhanced production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS
... Show MoreFormed a decoration element Tzeigna important holidays linear, since regulating mechanism of vocabulary and formative elements Btnoatha through activation design with space linear in order to add value expressionistic, and achieve career goals and aesthetic, has promised these diversities and one of the finest artistic achievements that excelled the designer patterned through expertise and skill in the output of the design artwork beautiful image to fit with the importance degree in the field of calligraphy and set the rules, and was questionably basic research problem is the following:
What are the variations in the design of linear motifs Vacations?
In order to solve these problems and to reach the desired outcomes research ai
Solar energy has significant advantages compared to conventional sources such as coal and natural gas, including no emissions, no need for fuel, and the potential for installation in a wide range of locations with access to sunlight. In this investigation, heterocyclic derivatives were synthesized from several porphyrin derivatives (4,4',4",4"'-(porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) tetra benzoic acid) compound (3), obtained by reaction Pyrrole with 4-formyl benzoic acid. Subsequently, porphyrin derivative-component amides 5a, 5b, and 5c were produced by reacting compound (3) with amine derivatives at a 1:4 molar ratio. These derivatives exhibited varying sensitivities for utilization in solar cells, with compound 5a displaying the highest power
... Show MoreThis research aims to identify the effectiveness of modern media technologies represented by satellite TV in the development of good citizenship values when students. To achieve this purpose were selected a sample of 44 students in the Department of Electrical technologies in Technical Institute in Nasiriyah in southern Technical University during the school year (2015-2016).
Was determined the general objectives of the use of modern media techniques represented satellite TV is to promote the values of good citizenship among the sample of students in order to make them good citizens in the community could contribute to the development and upgrading it. And put the general plan of research. Promising researchers measure of good citizen