العلاقة بين تعبير المعلمات المناعية ل (P53) وعدم استقرار الساتل الميكروي (MSI) مع العوامل السريرية المرضية لسرطان المعدة الغدي باستخدام الكيمياء النسيجية المناعية. الخلاصة الخلفية: يحدث سرطان المعدة الغدي بسبب عدم استقرار الكروموسومات، وطفرات TP53، واختلال الصيغة الصبغية، والانتقالات، والجينات الورمية الأولية، والتغيرات الجينية المثبطة للورم.عدم استقرار الساتل الميكروي(MSI) يسبب فشل إصلاح عدم تطابق الحمض النووي، مما يؤثر على دقة تكرار الحمض النووي. يم الكشف عن أخطاء النسخ المتماثل المبكرة بواسطة مجمع البروتين المتغاير (hMSH2/hMSH6) ، الذي يقوم بتفعيل hMLH1) و(hPMS2 لإعادة تكوين الحمض النووي. يحدث عدم استقرار الساتل الميكروي في حالات سرطان المعدة المتفرق ومتلازمة لينش. الهدف من الدراسة: دراسة العلاقة بين تعبيرالمعلم P53 وتعبير المعلمات المناعية لـعدم استقرار الساتل الميكروي (MSI) مع العوامل السريرية المرضية لسرطان المعدة الغدي باستخدام الكيمياء النسيجية المناعية. المواد والطرق: تم فحص 40 كتلة من نسيج سرطان المعدة الغدي المثبت بالفورمالين والمطمور بالشمع في بغداد، العراق. تناولت الدراسة حالات سرطان المعدة الأولية، مع البيانات السريرية المرضية المتاحة، والأنسجة الجراحية. التعبير المناعي الكيميائي الذي تم تقييمه بواسطة نظام تسجيل النقاط. تم استخدام برنامج SPSS لتحليل البيانات، كما تم استخدام اختبارات Chi-square واختبارات Fisher الدقيقة لتقييم الارتباطات. تم اعتبار مستوى الثقة 95٪ والقيمة الاحتمالية P 0.05 أو أقل مهمًا. النتائج : كان التصبيغ المناعي النسيجي الكيميائي لـ P53 إيجابيًا في 65٪ من الحالات، بينما كانت نتائج MSI إيجابية في 97.5٪ من الحالات. حصل الزوجان المتغايران MLH1/PMS2 على نتائج إيجابية بنسبة 32.5% ونتائج سلبية 67.5%، في حين حصل الزوجان المتغايران MSH2/MSH6 على نتائج إيجابية بنسبة 87.5% ونتائج سلبية 12.5%. ارتبطت صبغة P53 بشكل كبير بانتشار العقدة الليمفاوية ودرجة الورم ، ولكن لم يكن هنالك ارتباط مع العوامل الأخرى. لم يتم العثور على ارتباط كبير بين معلمات MSI والعوامل المدروسة,لم يكن هناك ارتباط كبير بين معلمات MSI غير المتجانسة (MLH1 / PMS2) والمعلمات المرضية السريرية، ولكن كان هناك ارتباط كبير بين علامات MSI الزوجين غير المتجانسة (MSH2 / MSH6) والنقائل فقط . الاستنتاج: : يعد P53 معلما حيويا مهما لتقييم انتشار العقدة الليمفاوية وعدوانيتها في التصنيف النسيجي، مما يشير إلى التشخيص، وتحديد مرضى السرطان الأكثر عرضة لخطر الإصابة بالورم النقيلي. على الرغم من أن MSH2/MSH6 اظهر ارتباطا مهمًا مع النقائل الورمية ، إلا أن معلمات MSI كان لها أقل قيمة إنذارية في دراستنا. هناك حاجة إلى مزيد من البحث لإثبات فعاليتها في علاج سرطان المعدة.
The objective of the research is to uncover the effect of the strategy of Quranic verses in the collection of science and systemic intelligence for second-grade students. The research sample consisted of (48) students of second grade students in the middle of Al Rasheed Boys School of the second Karkh Directorate, Distribution in the two divisions, Division of (b) and experimental group that studied strategy of Quranic verses, and the Division (a) control group which studied the regular way, and results indicated a statistically significant differences for the experimental group students studied using the strategy Verses in systemic intelligence collection.
Background: Disinfection and shaping of the canal with a combination of chem¬ical agents and endodontic instruments play an important role in the success of endodontic therapy. Eliminating the microorganisms within the pulp space is a critical and important objective in treating a tooth with apical periodontitis. This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial properties of herbal alternatives (Green tea and siwak extracts) as possible irrigants during endodontic treatment compared with the conventional irrigation solutions. Materials and methods: Salvadora Persica (siwak) and Green Tea solutions were prepared.An agar diffusion test was performed on Mueller-Hinton agar using the well diffusion method. The tested solutions (5.25% N
... Show MoreThis work has been done to prepare a series of new alkene compounds derived from 4-thiozolidinones by substituting different aldehydes, P-acetamido-phenol, and 2-mercapto-benzoimidazole, which were used as starting materials to form ester [I]a,b and then make hydrazides [II]a,b, which were used to prepare 1, 3, and 4-oxadiazoles [III]a,b, which were then used for prepared Schiff bases [IV]a-f, The next step was the synthesis of 4-thiazoldinone derivatives [V]a-f from Schiff bases. The final step was the synthesis of alkenes [VII]a-f, the prepared derivatives were identified with spectral methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, mass, and CHNS). The antibacterial activity of the prepared derivatives was evaluated against four types of bacteria, pos
... Show MoreMany stone tools were found on a hill south of the Hor Al-Dalmaj which is located in the central part of the alluvial plain of Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The types of rocks from which the studied stone tools were made are not found in the alluvial plain, because it consists of friable sand, silt, and clay. All existing sediments were precipitated in riverine environments such as point bar, over bank, and floodplain sediments. The collected stone tools were described with a magnifying glass (10 x) and a polarized microscope after they were thin sectioned. Microscopic analysis showed that these stone tools are made of sedimentary, volcanic igneous and metamorphic rocks, such as: sandstones, limestones, chert, con
... Show MorePurpose: To evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on shear bond strength between dentin and IPS e.max lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. Materials and Methods: Eighteen extracted third molars were embeded in epoxy resin. The tooth was sectioned vertically in mesiodistal direction using a low speed hard tissue microtome. The buccal and lingual surfaces of each section were ground flat using 600 grit Silicone carbide paper. Eighteen ceramic discs consisted of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic were prepared with a diameter of 4.7mm and height of 2.2mm. The discs were divided in two groups (n=10): (1) IPS e.max treated with hydrofluoric acid and Monobond Plus (MBP) and (2) IPS e.max treated with Monobond Etch &Prime (MBEP). The toot
... Show MoreIn this research, the possibility of using waste wooden materials (reed and sawdust) was studied to produce sustainable and thermal insulation lightweight building units , which has economic and environmental advantages. This study is intended to produce light weight building units with low thermal conductivity, so it can be used as partitions to improve the thermal insulation in buildings. Waste wooden materials were used as a partial replacement of natural sand, in different percentages (10, 20, 30, and 40) % . The mix proportions were (1:2.5) (cement: fine aggregate) with w/c of 0.4. The values of 28 days oven dry density ranged between (2060-1693) kg/m3.The thermal conductivity decreased from (0.745 to 0.2
... Show MoreThe mathematical construction of an ecological model with a prey-predator relationship was done. It presumed that the prey consisted of a stage structure of juveniles and adults. While the adult prey species had the power to fight off the predator, the predator, and juvenile prey worked together to hunt them. Additionally, the effect of the harvest was considered on the prey. All the solution’s properties were discussed. All potential equilibrium points' local stability was tested. The prerequisites for persistence were established. Global stability was investigated using Lyapunov methods. It was found that the system underwent a saddle-node bifurcation near the coexistence equilibrium point while exhibiting a transcritical bifurcation
... Show MoreThis research aims to identify the reality of teaching political science research methods curriculum, to observe practices, and differences in teaching and learning between the Arab and Western universities. Moreover, it focuses on the difficulties that face students' acquisition of the course skills. The research uses the course model of some Western and Arab universities as case study.
This research shows that the curriculum do not reach yet the final form as other political science curriculums, and its upcoming changes will reflect the needs of stakeholders. The best method to teach this curriculum is to use applied learning in groups, learning by doing, and finally problem-based learning approach. Using optimal assessment deep
... Show MoreThe effects of scattering and secondary radiation generated inside the material on dose equivalent rate where studied using Co60 and Cs137 sources of activity (199.8 , 177.6) MBq , respectively for different thicknesses of Al , Pb and Pb- glass . The results showed that the equivalent rate increases when the effect of scattering was included for Al and Pb shields with cobalt-60 source of energy 1.25 MeV ; and decreases for Pb shield with Cs-137 source of energy 0.662MeV .The results showed also that the atomic number of The material effects the dose equivalent rate . The Pb-glass shield was found to be more efficient in absorption than other shields.