Abstract: Microfluidic devices present unique advantages for the development of efficient drug assay and screening. The microfluidic platforms might offer a more rapid and cost-effective alternative. Fluids are confined in devices that have a significant dimension on the micrometer scale. Due to this extreme confinement, the volumes used for drug assays are tiny (milliliters to femtoliters).

 In this research, a microfluidic chip consists of micro-channels carved on substrate materials built by using Acrylic (Polymethyl Methacrylate, PMMA) chip was designed using a Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) laser machine. The CO2 parameters have influence on the width, depth, roughness of the chip. In order to have regular

The design of coordination compounds with solvent-responsive optical properties remains a central challenge in molecular photonics. Here, we describe the synthesis and full characterisation of a symmetrical tetradentate diamine ligand, 3,3′-((1,2-phenylenebis(azanediyl))- bis(methanylylidene))bis(pentane-2,4-dione) (H₂L), and its neutral square-planar complexes [M(L)] (M(II) = Co, Ni, Cu). The Cu(II) complex crystallised as [Cu(L)]⋅0.5 (pyrazine), adopting a nearly square-planar geometry (τ₄ = 0.06) in the solid state, as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In DMSO solution, UV–Vis spectra revealed reversible axial coordination of two solvent molecules, driving a transformation to a distorted octahedral geometry. Struc

Background: Recent implant surgical approach aims to cause less trauma, invasiveness and pain as much as possible and to reduce patient and surgeon discomfort, time of surgery and time needed for functional implant loading. Flapless surgical techniques considered recently as one of the most popular techniques that may achieve these aims especially enhancing osseointegration and subsequently implant stability within less time than the traditional flapped surgical technique. So this study aimed to make a comparison between flapped and flapless surgical techniques in resulted implant stability according to resonance frequency analysis RFA and in duration of surgical operation. Materials and methods: A total of 26 patients with 41 implants (o

        Most vegetation’s are Land cover (LC) for the globe, and there is an increased attention to plants since they represent an element of balance to natural ecology and maintain the natural balance of rapid changes due to systematic and random human uses, including the subject of the current study (Bassia eriophora ) Which represent an essential part of the United Nations system for land cover classification (LCCS), developed by the World Food Organization (FAO) and the world Organization for environmental program (UNEP), to observe basic environmental elements with modern techniques. Although this plant is distributed all over Iraq, we found that this plant exists primarily in the middle