Recently, many materials have shown that they can be used as alternatives to chemicals materials in order to be used to improve the properties of drilling fluids. Some of these materials are banana peels and corn cobs which both are considered environmentally- friendly materials. The results of the X-ray diffraction examination have proved that the main components of these materials are cellulose and hemicellulose, which contribute greatly to the increasing of the effectiveness of these two materials. Due to their distinct composition, these two materials have improved the rheological properties (plastic viscosity and yield point) and reduced the filtration of the drilling fluids to a large extent. The addition rates used for each of the two materials (banana peels and corn cob) are 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%. As regard to banana peels, the results have shown that there is a direct correlation between the addition ratios, the increase in the rheological properties (plastic viscosity and yield point), and the decrease in filtration The corn cob has shown the same results. Also, 0.01% increase in the pH value was observed when adding a corn cob, while adding banana peels showed the opposite, as adding them led to 0.02% decrease in the pH value. Among the other properties that have been studied is density, as it has been noticed that there is no significant effect of these two materials on the density of drilling fluid. Moreover, the performance of these two materials has been compared with the PAC polymer. This research suggests that the possibility of moving towards corn cob and dried banana peels as additives for biodegradable drilling fluid. Apart from being environmentally friendly, the choice of using them is considered economically more efficient than other chemical additives. By all accounts, the above materials are an increasingly rational choice for moving forward for an environmentally friendly oil industry.
Indium oxide In2O3 thin films fabricated using thermal evaporation of indium metal in vacuum on a glass substrate at 25oC using array mask, after deposition the indium films have been subjected to thermal oxidation at temperature 400 °C for 1h. The results of prepared Indium oxide reveal the oxidation method as a strong effect on the morphology and optical properties of the samples as fabricated. The band gap (Eg) of In2O3 films at 400 °C is 2.7 eV. Then, SEM and XRD measurements are also used to investigate the morphology and structure of the indium oxide In2O3 thin films. The antimicrobial activity of indium oxide In2O3 thin films was assessed against gram-negative bacterium using inhibition zone of bacteria which improved higher ina
... Show MoreJournal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER • THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE ISOPEN ACCESS Estimate the Rate of Contamination in Baghdad Soils By Using Numerical Method Luma Naji Mohammed Tawfiq1, Nadia H Al-Noor2 and Taghreed H Al-Noor1 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1294, Issue 3 Citation Luma Naji Mohammed Tawfiq et al 2019 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1294 032020 DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/1294/3/032020 DownloadArticle PDF References Download PDF 135 Total downloads 88 total citations on Dimensions. Turn on MathJax Share this article Share this content via email Share on Facebook (opens new window) Share on Twitter (opens new window) Share on Mendeley (opens new window) Hide article and author
... Show MoreThe statistical distributions study aimed to obtain on best descriptions of variable sets phenomena, which each of them got one behavior of that distributions . The estimation operations study for that distributions considered of important things which could n't canceled in variable behavior study, as result this research came as trial for reaching to best method for information distribution estimation which is generalized linear failure rate distribution, throughout studying the theoretical sides by depending on statistical posteriori methods like greatest ability, minimum squares method and Mixing method (suggested method).
The research
... Show MoreThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the rate of contamination in soils by using accurate numerical method as a suitable tool to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals in soil. In particular, 2D –interpolation methods are applied in the models of the spread the metals in different direction.The paper illustrates the importance of the numerical method in different applications, especially nvironment contamination. Basically, there are many roles for approximating functions. Thus, the approximating of function namely the analytical expression may be expressed; the most common type being is polynomials, which are the easy implemented and simplest methods of approximation. In this paper the divided difference formula is used and extended
... Show MoreThis research deals with the motives of the use of Facebook by elderly people and the achieved needs, which leads the researcher to ask an important question: why an old persons use Facebook and are the achieved needs through which they got? The research aims to find out the habits and patterns of using Facebook by old men and stands on the main motives of the elderly in their use of Facebook. It also identifies the most prominent needs that have been made for the elderly as a result of their use of Facebook.
The research is a descriptive one in which the researcher uses survey method to achieve the desired goals. The researcher has chosen a group of old men from Diyala province. The total sample number is about
... Show MoreThis study investigates the influence of Strategic Consensus (SC) on Organizational Performance (OP), with Strategic Alignment (SA) serving as a mediating variable, within private academic institutions in Iraq. The research utilized scales developed to measure each variable: SC, OP, and SA, all of which are unidimensional. The sample comprised 131 senior participants, including deans and faculty council members, with questionnaires distributed across three institutions: Dijla University College (35 respondents), Baghdad College of Economic Sciences (31 respondents), and the University of Uruk (65 respondents). Data analysis employed various statistical techniques, including normality testing, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statis
... Show MoreEducation varies in terms of form and content between verbal and abstract education through the delivery of knowledge and enriching experiences through verbal communication and ephemeral learning and based on sensory experiences that provide visual and audio visualizations that make it imperative to install and retain knowledge and experience. It is obvious that meanings And the concepts grow the more tangible sensory experiences that make the process of communication highly efficient, and the more the learner's acquisition of direct sensory experiences, ie the first source is the life situations and normal circumstances of the process of communication, but if these can not be available It is necessary to a
... Show MoreA submerged weir is a hydraulic structure utilized to control flow in canals and rivers. Water scarcity is a persistent issue in Iraq, especially during the dry season when irrigation withdrawals reduce downstream water levels in canals (Water is lost from irrigation canals due to seepage, evaporation, and vegetation growth). The final section of the Bani Hassan Canal experiences significant drops in water surface (WS) levels, negatively impacting irrigation efficiency. This study addresses that gap by investigating the use of submerged weirs to enhance water distribution and raise WS in the final 6 km segment of the canal. A one-dimensional (1D) hydraulic mode
This study aimed to study the effect of Ziziphus spina christi Aqueous cold and Alcoholic leaves and fruits extracts on the growth and activities of the following types of bacteria :( Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes ). The results appeared outweigh the alcoholic extract of leaves and fruits of Sidr that prepared by saxholate extractor by addition of ethanol 95% significant superiority as compared with aqueous extract that prepared by using distilled water as was its influence inhibitor to the growth and effectiveness of bacteria , about the treatment of in-vivo to cause injury to these types of bacteria diagnosed laboratory mice and treated with alcoholic extract of the leaves o
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