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Association between genetic polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene and adverse effects of etanercept in rheumatoid arthritis patients
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Background. Gene polymorphisms affect etanercept’s pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and side effects. This effect is evidenced by the extensive genetic variation in the drug’s targets. Objectives. This study aims to find the association between different genotypes of the promoter region of the TNF-α gene at -308G/A(rs1800629), -857C/T(rs1799724), -863 C/A(rs1800630), -1031 T/C (rs1799964), -806 C/T (rs4248158) and -376 G/A (rs1800750) and the side effects of ETN that occurred to Iraqi RA patients. Method. The trial included patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had been using ETN for at least six months. The participants were from the Baghdad Teaching Hospital Rheumatology Unit. The PCR was sequenced to determine the polymorphism in the TNF- promoter region at sites -308 G/A (rs1800629), -857 C/T (rs1799724), -863 C/A (rs1800630), -1031 T/C (rs1799964), and -376 G/A (rs4248158) (rs1800750). The link between the genetic variation at these loci and the etanercept’s most frequent adverse effect was then investigated. Results. The only genotype of (-376 G/A) significantly related to an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection is the GG genotype, according to the results of this study. However, genotypes for the remaining SNPs did not demonstrate a statistically significant association between ETN and an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections, injection site response, or skin rash in patients. Conclusion. This study revealed that only the GG genotype of (-376 G/A) was significantly associated with an elevated risk of upper respiratory tract infection.

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Developing System of Solid Waste Management (Applied Research in Hilla City)
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Abstract

The research aims to stand on the practice of operations management of solid waste in the city of Hilla, carried out by the mayor of Hilla Directorate - solid and the environment Waste Division, through field visits and personal interview to officials of the municipal departments and units of its data collection and information related to solid waste, and assess the current status of the processes of collection and transport waste through the questionnaire that had been prepared for citizens and employees, the search reach a set of conclusions was the most important, operations carried out by the municipality of Hilla Directorate only limited to two (collection, transportation and disposal of wa

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Numerical Investigations on Heat Flow of Nanofluids in Ribs Tube Configurations
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Abstract

In this paper presents two dimensional turbulent flow of different nanofluids and ribs configuration in a circular tube have been numerically investigation using FLUENT 6.3.26. Two samples of CuO and, ZnO nanoparticles with 2% v/v concentration and 40 nm as nanoparticle diameter combined with trapezoidalribs with aspect ratio of p/d=5.72 in a constant tube surface heat flux were conducted for simulation. The results showed that heat flow as Nusselt number for all cases raises with Reynolds number and volume fraction of nanofluid, likewise the results also reveal that ZnO with volume fractions of 2% in trapezoidal ribs offered highest Nusselt number at Reynolds number of Re= 30000.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2014
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Demonstrators' slogans in Tahrir square (Analytical study of the communication message)
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The research entitled "The Slogans of Demonstrators at Al-Tahreer Square – analytical study for communicative letters" studies the slogans of demonstrators as a communicative means having many signs reflecting the political, social, cultural relations exist in the minds of people. It is so easy to understand its meaning, examining its goals; and explaining their meanings. For these reasons, we have chosen such a topic. Since the means of communications transfer letters between a sender and receiver, the importance of this research is that it is a researchable trial to acknowledge the issues behind the demonstrators' slogans and the different styles have been chosen by them for a whole year; the different sides of the demonstration sinc

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Role Of Knowledge Innovation In Managing Strategic Momentum (Field Research)
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The Research Aims To Clarify The Role Of Knowledge Innovation On The Administrative Process Represented by Managing Strategic Momentum, The Research Problem Focuses on Administrative leader Interest In And Implementation Of The Innovation Element Of Knowledge In The Organization By " Managing Strategic Momentum" As Well As The Focus By Management About The Innovators And Makers Of Knowledge And Strategic Planners In The Design And Formulation Of Strategic. Research does Contribute In Solving Part Of The Organizational Problems Of Vision, Innovation And Their Impact On The Momentum Management To Determine The Extent On Which The Procedures Of The Assessed Companies And Plan To Regulate Innovation Under The Momentu

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 30 2001
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
New Development in the Process for the Production of Polybutadiene Rubber
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 28 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Photodegredation of Schiff Bases Copper(II) Complexes in Dimethyl Sulphoxid (DMSO)
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        Photodecomposition of dichlorobis N [4-Azo benzene aniline)2-hydroxy benzilidene] Copper (II) (Complexe A1) and dichloro N[2-Azo 3- sulphonic -2- naphthol) 6- carboxylic 2- hydroxy benzilidene] copper (II) (Complex A2).have been performed at  λ = 373 nm for complex A1and at λ = 358 nm for complex A2 in dimethyl sulphoxide at 25Câ—¦. the absorbance spectrum of these complexes  have been recorded with time of irradiation in order to examine the kinetics of photodecay. The apparent rate constant (Kd) for the first order reaction has been calculated and found to be 1.1 ×10-2 min-1 for complexe A1 and 2.34 × 10-2 min-1 for camplexe A2. the primary quantum yields (Ø ) ha

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Annals Of Tropical Medicine & Public Health
Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Body builders using conventional echocardiography
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Background: Powerlifters and bodybuilders use anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) especially – as many as 55 percent of elite powerlifters admitted using these agents. In contrast to numerous documented toxic and hormonal effects of AAS their impact on the structure and function of the left ventricular (LV) was not yet fully understood.

Publication Date
Wed May 01 2024
Journal Name
Tropical Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research
Validation of UV-visible spectrophotometric method for niclosamide in different media
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Purpose: To validate a UV-visible spectrophotometric technique for evaluating niclosamide (NIC) concentration in different media across various values of pH. Methods: NIC was investigated using a UV-visible spectrophotometer in acidic buffer solution (ABS) of pH 1.2, deionized water (DW), and phosphate buffer solution (PBS), pH 7.4. The characterization of NIC was done with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The UV analysis was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, and robustness. Results: The DSC spectra showed a single endothermic peak at 228.43 °C (corresponding to the melting point of NIC), while XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed the identit

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Scopus
Publication Date
Sat Feb 22 2020
Journal Name
Radiation And Environmental Biophysics
The photo-transferred thermoluminescence phenomenon in case of emergency dose assessment
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Abstract<p>A major disadvantage of dose reconstruction by means of thermoluminescence (TL) is the fact that during readout of any TL material exposed to ionizing radiation (i.e., during measuring the glow curve), the radiation-induced signal gets lost. Application of the photo-transferred thermoluminescence phenomenon (PTTL) may offer a solution to this problem. In PTTL, the residual signal that is not destroyed by conventional TL readout (because it comes from deeper electron traps) can be readout through simultaneous stimulation by UV light and heating, allowing to obtain information about the absorbed dose in a second run. The present paper describes the application of PTTL for emergency dose assessment. For</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Assessment Efficiency Evaluation of Al-Diwaniya Sewage Treatment Plant in Iraq
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This study aims to evaluate the performance of the sewage treatment plant in Al- Diwaniya, one of cities in the southern part in Iraq. This evaluation could be used to facilitate effluent quality assessment or optimal process control of the plant. The influent reaching the plant is considered a medium to strong in strength with BOD5/COD ratio in the range 0.23 and 0.69 which can be considered an easily degradable sewage by the biological processes performed by the activated sludge unit. The quality of the effluent was found to be higher than the Iraqi standards for disposal to water bodies. The BOD5/COD ratios of the treated sewage varied over a wide range as low of 0.13 to 1.48 indicating operational problems in the plant. Regressio

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