Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) is an efficient routing protocol used for various Ad hoc networks. OLSR employs the Multipoint Relay (MPR) technique to reduce network overhead traffic. A mobility model's main goal is to realistically simulate the movement behaviors of actual users. However, the high mobility and mobility model is the major design issues for an efficient and effective routing protocol for real Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the performance of the OLSR protocol concerning various random and group mobility models. Two simulation scenarios were conducted over four mobility models, specifically the  Random Waypoint model (RWP), Random Direction model (RD), Nomadic Co

The employment of cognitive radio (CR) is critical to the successful development of wireless communications. In this field, especially when using the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology, energy consumption is critical. If the principal user (PU) is present, developers can utilize the energy detecting approach to tell. The researchers employed two distinct phases to conduct their research: the intense and accurate sensing stages. After the furious sensing step was completed, the PU user was identified as having a maximum or minimal energy channel. There are two situations in which the proposed algorithm's performance is tested: channels for fading AWGN and Rayleigh. When the proposed methods' simulation results a

Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) is an efficient routing protocol used for various Ad hoc networks. OLSR employs the Multipoint Relay (MPR) technique to reduce network overhead traffic. A mobility model's main goal is to realistically simulate the movement behaviors of actual users. However, the high mobility and mobility model is the major design issues for an efficient and effective routing protocol for real Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the performance of the OLSR protocol concerning various random and group mobility models. Two simulation scenarios were conducted over four mobility models, specifically the  Random Waypoint model (RWP), Random Direction model (RD), Nomadic Co

This paper present the fast and robust approach of English text encryption and decryption based on Pascal matrix. The technique of encryption the Arabic or English text or both and show the result when apply this method on plain text (original message) and how will form the intelligible plain text to be unintelligible plain text in order to secure information from unauthorized access and from steel information, an encryption scheme usually uses a pseudo-random enecryption key generated by an algorithm. All this done by using Pascal matrix. Encryption and decryption are done by using MATLAB as programming language and notepad ++to write the input text.This paper present the fast and robust approach of English text encryption and decryption b

The current research aims to measure the level of entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions (creativity, independence, proactivity, risk tolerance, and achievement) in the National Security Chancellery, as its importance and role in guiding senior leaders of the chancellery to make strategic decisions with high quality in various Iraqi concerns, more specifically the security aspect. The data was collected from 94 individuals (the research sample) from the research community (120) individuals at different administrative levels and intentionally where the questionnaire was adopted as a main tool for data collection and the primary data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard dev

The "Nudge" Theory is considered one of the most recent theories, which is clear in the economic, health, and educational sectors, due to the intensity of studies on it and its applications, but it has not yet been included in crime prevention studies. The use of  Nudge theory appears to enrich the theory in the field of crime prevention, and to provide modern, effective, and implementable mechanisms.

The study deals with the "integrative review" approach, which is a distinctive form of research that generates new knowledge on a topic through reviewing, criticizing, and synthesizing representative literature on the topic in an integrated manner so that new frameworks and perspectives are created around it.

The study is bas

The steganography (text in image hiding) methods still considered important issues to the researchers at the present time. The steganography methods were varied in its hiding styles from a simple to complex techniques that are resistant to potential attacks. In current research the attack on the host's secret text problem didn’t considered, but an improved text hiding within the image have highly confidential was proposed and implemented companied with a strong password method, so as to ensure no change will be made in the pixel values of the host image after text hiding. The phrase “highly confidential” denoted to the low suspicious it has been performed may be found in the covered image. The Experimental results show that the covere

Persuasion is a process studied by many scholars from the Greek time until the present. One persuasion strategy is metadiscourse, which refers to the writers' awareness of their text, the way they present themselves to the readers. The writers use metadiscourse markers to help the readers understand the real meaning of the text (Hyland 2005).  The paper carries out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the employment of persuasive metadiscourse markers in two English trade agreements and two Arabic agreements has provided in terms of Hyland's (2005) model of interactive and interactional markers. The aim is to find out whether all types of metadiscourse markers are used or not, and also to see whether English or Arabic employs

The total and individual multipole moments of  magnetic electron scattering form factors in ⁴¹Ca  have been investigated using a widely successful model which is the nuclear shell model configurations keeping in mind of 1f_7/2 subshell as an L-S shell and Millinar, Baymann, Zamick as L-S shell (F7MBZ) to give the model space  wave vector. Also, harmonic oscillator wave functions have been used as wave function of a single particle in 1f_7/2  shell. Nucleus ⁴⁰Ca as core closed and Core polarization effects have been used as a corrective with first order correction concept to basic computation of L-S shell and the excitement energy has been implemented with 2ћω. The