Background: The use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy warrants several side effects and also deleterious effects on fetal development, the antiepileptic drugs have potential to affect the fetal development throughout the pregnancy although, the majority of infants born to epileptic pregnant women are normal but more expose to the malformations. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of carbamazepine drug on the kidney development at day 7 postnatally in the Albino Rat (Rattus rattus) as a mammalian model. Material & Methods: 20 healthy pregnant female rats were divided into two groups, 10 pregnant rats in each group; group one served as control group administrated distal water while group two used as experimental group which administrated carbamazepine drug at dose 20mg/kg/rat daily from first day of pregnancy till 7 th day after birth in both groups. On 7 th day after birth, the newborns and kidneys were removed; the weight is measured and then fixed, dehydrated in ascending grades of alcohol, cleared in xylene and infiltrated with filtered paraffin. The paraffin blocks were made and 5μm thin sections were obtained using a rotary microtome. The sections were stained with H&E stain, PAS examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: Under the light microscope, the kidney in Group II show the glomerular atrophy with enlargement of Bowman’s space, hemorrhage, congestion, degeneration and hypertrophy of simple squamous epithelial lining cells of partial layer of Bowman's capsule, glomerular cells accumulation, detachment of tubular epithelial lining cells from basement membrane and tubular degeneration represented by (cell swelling, loss nucleus and cell death); a statistically significant differences have been shown in the diameter of renal corpuscle, glomerular tuft and Bowman’s space, and also in the renal tubules proximal and distal convoluted tubules (p<0.001). The results of scanning electron microscope found that the visceral layer of renal corpuscle contain specialized cells called podocyte cells and the diameter of these cells is statistically significant in treated group in comparison to control group (p<0.001), while There is no significant differences found in the weight of kidneys and newborns. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that carbamazepine drug administration to the dams produced teratogenic effects on the developing of kidney in rat.
This work represents study the rock facies and flow unit classification for the Mishrif carbonate reservoir in Buzurgan oil Field, which located n the south eastern Iraq, using wire line logs, core samples and petrophysical data (log porosity and core permeability). Hydraulic flow units were identified using flow zone indicator approach and assessed within each rock type to reach better understanding of the controlling role of pore types and geometry in reservoir quality variations. Additionally, distribution of sedimentary facies and Rock Fabric Number along with porosity and permeability was analyzed in three wells (BU-1, BU-2, and BU-3). The interactive Petrophysics - IP software is used to assess the rock fabric number, flow zon
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The search consists of four chapters, which are as follows: -First Chapter,The research shows the problem and the importance and its need, its aim and limits are to identify the terms of it consist. The problem of the research has been identified by answering the following question:How to representthe significant displacement of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ in contemporary drawing? ,The aim of the research also has been discussed around what it represents: The significant displacement of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ in contemporary drawingshows. As for the research limits .the portress which are taken from a variety of sources, and the period of time of the year (1945-2008).fearst chapter;The theoretical framework and previous stud
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In this work, the spirurid nematode Hartertia gallinarum was reported in the intestine of the spotted sandgrouse, Pterocles senegallus, collected in three different locations: Ga'ara Depression, Iraqi Western Desert, Zurbatiyah and Al-Attariyah, Middle of Iraq. Description and measurements of the nematode were given. The role of termites in the infection of P. senegallus with H. gallinarum was discussed. Occurrence of H. gallinarum in P. senegallus represents a new host record.
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The present study aims to illuminate the assessment of the Turkish elite of the role of the Turkish media in forming the attitudes of public opinion vis a vis the attempted military coup of 15 July 2016. The authors utilized the survey method of a nominal sample of 315 individuals, equally distributed among the three foremost categories of the Turkish elite, namely: the political academic, and media elite. The foremost findings of the study are that the orientation of the coverage of the Turkish media of the events of the attempt military coup of 15 July, based on the perception and assessment of the Turkish elite, was positive to a high degree; it refuted the news and the inciting information given to foreign media revealed the bloodine
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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive airflow limitation that is preventable but not curable. It is associated with persistent symptoms that cause a considerable burden on individual productivity at work, and daily activities, and reduced quality of life, also burdening the healthcare system and society. Objectives: The study aims to measure the burden of COPD on patients in terms of daily activities and work productivity. It also seeks to investigate some inflammatory biomarkers' levels and their correlation with selected outcomes. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 120 stable COPD patients who were diagnosed and treated according to the GOLD guidelines at Kirkuk General Hospital's
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Background: The treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis has advanced significantly with the use of biologic treatments. Objective: To compare the effectiveness, safety, and impact on quality of life of biologic therapies versus conventional systemic therapies for moderate-to-severe psoriasis, using evidence from 2015 to 2025, focusing on the implications for understudied regions such as Iraq and the Middle East. Methods: Data was collected using "Embase," "MEDLINE," "PubMed," and "Cochrane Central Register." The study includes 45 randomized controlled trials. Additionally, 25 key real-world evidence studies were included for qualitative synthesis to provide context on long-term drug survival, quality of life, and regional applicab
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