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Vitamin D receptor rs2228570 and rs1544410 genetic polymorphisms frequency in Iraqi thalassemia patients compared to other ethnic populations
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Background: The genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR) have an association with thalassemia development, additionally to the environmental elements that elicited the disorder in the genetically predisposed individuals. As well, VDR functions responsible for the regulation of bone metabolism, such its part in immunity. Aim: The sitting study intended to inspect the association between thalassemia disease and the genetic polymorphisms of VDR among the Iraqi population then compared these findings to other findings of thalassemia patients in other different ethnic populations. Materials and methods: The restriction enzymes Bsm-I and Fok-I were applied to determine the genetic polymorphisms frequencies of VDR by a Polymerase Chain Reaction – Random Fragment Length Polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) techniques of the targeted parts (rs2228570 and rs1544410) in 70 Iraqi patients suffering from thalassemia (18 males and 52 females) and 75 Iraqi healthy participants as a control group (18 males and 52 females). Also, the comparison between the present findings of VDR genetic polymorphisms in Iraqi thalassemia patients and other previous findings for thalassemia patients in different ethnic populations for the selected VDR Bsm-I and Fok-I sites were done. Results: The present findings manifested a significant difference of VDR Bsm-I and Fok-I genetic polymorphisms frequency (rs2228570 and rs1544410) in the thalassemia patient's group contrasted to the healthy control group. In VDR rs2228570, the AA genotype and A allele frequency were significantly increased in the patients' group contrasted to the healthy control group (44.29 vs. 8.0%, OR: 9.14, 95% CI: 3.53–23.68, p: 4.1 × 10−7; 69.0 vs. 27.0%, OR: 6.02, 95% CI: 3.27–11.06, p: 3.9 × 10−9, respectively). while, the results of VDR genetic polymorphisms rs1544410 manifested that the CC and CT genotyping and C allele frequency were significantly increased among the patient's group contrasted to the healthy control group (28.75 vs. 6.67%, OR: 5.60, 95% CI: 1.98–15.81, p: 7.2 × 10−4; 57.14 vs. 24.0, OR: 4.22, 95% CI: 2.08–8.55, p: 8.1 × 10−5; and 57.0 vs. 19.0%, OR: 6.39, 95% CI: 3.0–10.66, p: 3.9 × 10−9, respectively). Also, it manifested the genetic polymorphisms variance of VDR rs2228570 and rs1544410 between the Iraqi thalassemia patients and other ethnic thalassemia patients. The results showed different variants among the Iraqi thalassemia patients' polymorphisms and other ethnic thalassemia patients' polymorphisms. Conclusions: The present results demonstrated a significant association between the genetic polymorphisms of VDR and thalassemia disease, the AA genotype and A allele frequency was significantly increased among the thalassemia patients' group compared to the controls in VDR Bsm-I polymorphism (rs2228570). While the CC and CT genotypes and C allele frequency were significantly increased among the thalassemia patients' group compared to the controls in VDR Fok-I polymorphism (rs1544410). As well, it indicates the variance of VDR Bsm-I and Fok-I genetic polymorphisms frequencies between the Iraqi thalassemia patients and other thalassemia patients from different ethnic populations.

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Contribution of Iraqi women in development: from the perspective faculty members to the complex Jadiriyah/University of Baghdad
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The researchers in this study, which aimed to find out Degree contribution of Iraqi
women in development from the perspective faculty members of the complex Jadriya
University in Baghdad, and the the impact of demographic variables (gender, college, place of
living, school level,) for its contribution.
The study population consisted of some faculty members Jadiriyah compound in
Baghdad's University for the academic year 20012/2013. This study followed a descriptive
approach the field, and the analytical method, the study sample consisted of (250) teaching all
of College of Science for girls and education for girls, and to achieve objective of the study
was the development of a questionnaire, was sure of its sincer

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 16 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Digital panoramic estimation of chronological age among Iraqi adult population in relation to morphological variables of canine teeth
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Background: Age determination of skeletal remains is apart of many medico-legal as well as anthropological examination. Many anatomical structures have been studied, but the teeth and their measurements seem to be the most reliable method since teeth represent the most durable and resilient part of the skeleton. This study was undertaken for estimating the chronological age among Iraqi adult subjects based on various morphological variables of canine teeth using digital panoramic radiograph. Material and methods: The sample in the current study consisted of 240 Iraqi patients attending to the dental radiological clinic at College of dentistry/ Babylon University taking panoramic radiographs for different diagnostic purposes, the study samp

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Monetary Policy Management of the Money Supply to Interest rates in Iraqi Economy for the period 2004-2011
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The results show the inability to apply the Taylor rule within inflation and GDP Gaps because the monetary behave is elated from the Iraqi economy.

When applying the Taylor rule to exchange rate with the inflation and the output gap, the results do not match the nominal price announced by the central thing, which proves the lack of commitment by the Central Bank by using the Taylor rule, whether short-run interest rate or exchange rate (Nominal Anchor),  so it did not stay to the Iraqi Central Bank only using the principle of Taylor with the expected inflation rate below the level of output (Macro activity) for the separation of monetary behavior from the real one o

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 03 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
CFIA-Turbidimetric and Photometric Determination of Vitamin B9 (Folic acid) Using LEDs as a Source of Irradiation and Two Solar Cells as an Energy Transducer
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A specific, sensitive and simple method was used for the determination of: vitamin B9 (Folic acid) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations using continuous flow injection analysis. The method is based on formation of ion pair compound between folic acid and ammonium molybdate in an aqueous medium to obtain a gray precipitate complex, using homemade; Ayah-6SX1-ST-2D solar cell CFI Analyzer. Optimum parameters was studied to increase the sensitivity for developed method. The linear range for the calibration graph was 0.01-0.6 mMol.L-1 of vitamin B9 and LOD was 131.994 ng/sample with correlation coefficient ( r ) of 0.9810, RSD% was lower than 0.1%, (n=9) for the determination of vitamin B9 at concentration (0.07and 0.5) mMol.L-1 respectiv

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 19 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Neoplasm
The stage of breast cancer at the time of diagnosis: correlation with the clinicopathological findings among Iraqi patients
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Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of mortality among women in Iraq forming 23% of cancer related deaths. The low survival from the disease is a direct consequence to the advanced stages at diagnoses. Aim: To document the composite stage of breast cancer among Iraqi patients at the time of diagnosis; correlating the observed findings with other clinical and pathological parameters at presentation. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study enrolling the clinical and pathological characteristics of 603 Iraqi female patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The composite stage of breast cancer was determined according to UICC TNM Classification System of Breast Cancer and the Ameri

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Open Life Sciences
Evaluation of the role of some non-enzymatic antioxidants among Iraqi patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
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Abstract<p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatic fat accumulation in individuals consuming little or no alcohol, has become highly prevalent globally. Oxidative stress plays a central role in instigating inflammation and cell death pathways driving NAFLD progression. This case–control study aimed to elucidate the association between circulating levels of the pivotal non-enzymatic antioxidants – coenzyme Q10 and vitamins E and C – and liver injury parameters among 60 Iraqi NAFLD patients versus 30 healthy controls. NAFLD diagnosis entailed over 5% hepatic steatosis on ultrasound excluding other etiologies. Patients spanned three age groups: 20–29, 30–39, an</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu May 15 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal And Political Studies
International and Regional Competition in the Middle East and its Impact on Iraqi National Security, with Special Reference to the Kurdistan Region: A Study of Challenges and Opportunities
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This competition between competing forces, organized into axes with conflicting objectives, is reflected in all regional affairs and the goals and interests of countries within them, including Iraq. Among the most important aspects impacted by the repercussions of international and regional competition in the region is Iraqi national security, based on its vital importance in preserving the sovereignty and entity of the Iraqi state, protecting the interests and cohesion of the state and people, ensuring and defending their present and future, and interacting with various regional and international activities. The Kurdistan Region, as an important part of Iraq with its own unique characteristics, may be one of the most important regi

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 07 2022
Journal Name
Hiv Nursing
Assessment of ApoE Gene Variants and Apob-100 R3500q Mutation as Genetic Risks for Dyslipidemia: A Case-Control Study
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Background: Dyslipidemia is defined as an abnormally high level of various lipids in the blood. It is considered a major risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Genetic susceptibility can have a significant influence on the development and progression of dyslipidemia. ApoB-100 R3500Q mutation and ApoE variants are among those genetic risks for dyslipidemia. This study aims to assess the possible contribution of ApoB and ApoE variants on lipid profile among a group of early-onset ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients in comparison to a group of controls. Methods: Forty patients with dyslipidemia and early-onset IHD without chronic conditions likely to cause derangement of lipid levels were recruited to this case-control study

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Scienceasia
A combined compact genetic algorithm and local search method for optimizing the ARMA(1,1) model of a likelihood estimator
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In this paper, a compact genetic algorithm (CGA) is enhanced by integrating its selection strategy with a steepest descent algorithm (SDA) as a local search method to give I-CGA-SDA. This system is an attempt to avoid the large CPU time and computational complexity of the standard genetic algorithm. Here, CGA dramatically reduces the number of bits required to store the population and has a faster convergence. Consequently, this integrated system is used to optimize the maximum likelihood function lnL(φ1, θ1) of the mixed model. Simulation results based on MSE were compared with those obtained from the SDA and showed that the hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) and I-CGA-SDA can give a good estimator of (φ1, θ1) for the ARMA(1,1) model. Anot

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2022
Journal Name
Malaysian Journal Of Medicine & Health Sciences
Detection of Iron and Ferritin in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients
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