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Diesel Engine Efficiency under Varying Loads and Engine Oil Contaminated with Safe levels of Glycol
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Although allowable amounts of glycol contamination in diesel engine oil, no research has been conducted on how these levels and varying loads affect engine performance. The research used a four-stroke diesel engine to investigate the effect of different glycol contamination levels (0, 120, and 220 ppm) under two engine loads (4.5 and 9 kW). Brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, friction power, and exhaust gas temperature were measured to determine the engine performance. The experiment used the factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Increasing the contamination levels from 0 to 120 and then to 220 ppm under constant engine load significantly increased brake specific fuel consumption, friction power, and exhaust gas temperature and decreased brake thermal efficiency. Increasing the engine load from 4.5 to 9 kW with constant oil glycol contamination levels significantly increased brake thermal efficiency, friction power, and exhaust gas temperature and decreased brake specific fuel consumption. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences in the interaction between glycol contamination levels and load levels. Lower friction power (5.6 kW) and exhaust gas temperature (165.33 °C) were produced by combining the first contamination level (0 ppm) with the first load (4.5 kW), while the lowest brake specific fuel consumption (0.24 kg/kWh) and highest brake thermal efficiency (32.14%) were produced by combining the first contamination level (0 ppm) with the second load (9 kW). The study concluded that diesel engine performance decreases when engine oil is exposed to the permissible levels of contamination above with changes in engine load. This study can aid diesel engine maintenance and operational instructions, particularly in glycol-contaminated diesel engine oil.

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Role of Quality Function Deployment in Evaluating The Product Applied Research in General Company For Vegetable Oil Industry- Al-M'amoon Factory
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The Quality  function deployment (QFD)  tool is an important  tool of total quality management because its a link between two important parts customer and production process of the product, using advanced House of quality, which contributed to provide more details about improving the product before it had a vision for the future of the product be improved. Also the identification of the two competitors (Alwazeer , Altouri) bases on the survey of retailers  which they identified five competitors products (Alwazeer , Altouri , Ferry , Jif , Dina)for the product (Zahi). Then House of quality  to product (Zahi) has been developed  By using a Kano Model  to classify of customer's requirements for the

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Crossref
Publication Date
Fri May 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
A Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm with System Reduction and Restoration for Rapid and Reliable Power Flow Solution of Power Systems
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The paper presents a highly accurate power flow solution, reducing the possibility of ending at local minima, by using Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) with system reduction and restoration. The proposed method (RCGA) is modified to reduce the total computing time by reducing the system in size to that of the generator buses, which, for any realistic system, will be smaller in number, and the load buses are eliminated. Then solving the power flow problem for the generator buses only by real-coded GA to calculate the voltage phase angles, whereas the voltage magnitudes are specified resulted in reduced computation time for the solution. Then the system is restored by calculating the voltages of the load buses in terms

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2022
Journal Name
Full Text Book Of Minar Congress4
RELATIONSHIP OF ESSENTIALLY SEMISMALL QUASI-DEDEKIND MODULES WITH SCALAR AND MULTIPLICATION MODULES
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Let R be a ring with 1 and W is a left Module over R. A Submodule D of an R-Module W is small in W(D ≪ W) if whenever a Submodule V of W s.t W = D + V then V = W. A proper Submodule Y of an R-Module W is semismall in W(Y ≪_S W) if Y = 0 or Y/F ≪ W/F ∀ nonzero Submodules F of Y. A Submodule U of an R-Module E is essentially semismall(U ≪es E), if for every non zero semismall Submodule V of E, V∩U ≠ 0. An R-Module E is essentially semismall quasi-Dedekind(ESSQD) if Hom(E/W, E) = 0 ∀ W ≪es E. A ring R is ESSQD if R is an ESSQD R-Module. An R-Module E is a scalar R-Module if, ∀ , ∃ s.t V(e) = ze ∀ . In this paper, we study the relationship between ESSQD Modules with scalar and multiplication Modules. We show that

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2012
Journal Name
Al-nahrain Journal Of Science
Synthesis and Characterization of New Azo Dye Complexes with Selected Metal Ions
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Coupling reaction of 2-amino benzoic acid with phenol gave the new bidentate azo ligand. The prepared ligand was identified by Microelemental Analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic technique. Treatment of the prepared ligand with the following metal ions (CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII) in aqueous ethanol with a 1:2 M:L ratio and at optimum pH, yielded a series of neutral complexes of the general formula [M(L)2]. The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption, (C.H.N) Analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. The nature of the complexes formed were studied following the mole ratio and continuous variation methods, Beer's law obeyed over a concentr

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 30 2001
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Removal of Phenol from Water and Wastewater by Chemical Precipitation with Lime
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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Self Protection and it's Relation with the social ignorance OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
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The aim of this research is to find a relation between self-protection and the social - ignorance of the univresity students. In applying the aims of the reaearch, the ressearcher has constructed two scales to measure
self - protection and the social - ignorance. After finding their validity and stability and their discriminative power, the researcher has applied them on a sample of (200) male and female. University students, who were selected randomly. The results of the research has arrived at finding a positive relation between self-protection and social - ignorance.

The researcher has recommended a concentration on the role of parents in raising their childern depending on themselves and making f

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Energy and Exergy Analyses of Heat Pump Cycle with Refrigerant Injection Technology
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The effect of refrigerant injection techniques on the performance of heat pump system based on exergy analysis was studied theoretically. Three refrigerant injection techniques were used; the first was achieved by injected vapour in volume ratios from 1 to 7% in the accumulator. The second was injection liquid refrigerant in the discharge line with the aid of Liquid Pressure Amplification (LPA) pump, with volume ratios from 1 to 10%. The third was a hybrid injection with volume ratios of injected vapour and liquid varied from 1 to 3% and 1 to 10%; respectively. The following improvements in cycle performance were observed. For vapour injection technique, the best ratio of injection was 5%, the exergy destruction reduced

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 15 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The priorities and emergency treatments of multisystem injuries associated with maxillofacial traumas
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Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the care of multiple trauma victims with maxillofacial injuries in terms of epidemiological distributions, types of injuries, the related different modalities of surgical treatments delivered, and their complications. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed on 50 patients with multiple traumas including maxillofacial injuries, caused by different etiological factors, who were brought first to the surgical emergencies department of the Medical City then referred to the Maxillofacial unit in the Specialized Surgeries Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, during the period from April 2007 to April 2008. Information was documented prospectively from the time of the emergency call to

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Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Mon Jan 11 2021
Journal Name
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
Impact Resistance of Bendable Concrete Reinforced with Grids and Containing PVA Solution
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The development of new building materials, able of absorbing more energy is an active research area. Engineering Cementitious Composite (ECC) is a class of super-elastic fiberreinforced cement composites characterized by high ductility and tight crack width control. The use of bendable concrete produced from Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) may lead to an interest in new concrete mixes. Impact results of bendable concrete reinforced with steel mesh and polymer fibers will provide data for the use of this concrete in areas subject to impact loading. The experimental part consisted of compressive strength and impact resistance tests along with a result comparison with unreinforced concrete. Concrete samples, with dimensions of 100×

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Measuring Positive and Negative Association of Apriori Algorithm with Cosine Correlation Analysis
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This work aims to see the positive association rules and negative association rules in the Apriori algorithm by using cosine correlation analysis. The default and the modified Association Rule Mining algorithm are implemented against the mushroom database to find out the difference of the results. The experimental results showed that the modified Association Rule Mining algorithm could generate negative association rules. The addition of cosine correlation analysis returns a smaller amount of association rules than the amounts of the default Association Rule Mining algorithm. From the top ten association rules, it can be seen that there are different rules between the default and the modified Apriori algorithm. The difference of the obta

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