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Diesel Engine Efficiency under Varying Loads and Engine Oil Contaminated with Safe levels of Glycol
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Although allowable amounts of glycol contamination in diesel engine oil, no research has been conducted on how these levels and varying loads affect engine performance. The research used a four-stroke diesel engine to investigate the effect of different glycol contamination levels (0, 120, and 220 ppm) under two engine loads (4.5 and 9 kW). Brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, friction power, and exhaust gas temperature were measured to determine the engine performance. The experiment used the factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Increasing the contamination levels from 0 to 120 and then to 220 ppm under constant engine load significantly increased brake specific fuel consumption, friction power, and exhaust gas temperature and decreased brake thermal efficiency. Increasing the engine load from 4.5 to 9 kW with constant oil glycol contamination levels significantly increased brake thermal efficiency, friction power, and exhaust gas temperature and decreased brake specific fuel consumption. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences in the interaction between glycol contamination levels and load levels. Lower friction power (5.6 kW) and exhaust gas temperature (165.33 °C) were produced by combining the first contamination level (0 ppm) with the first load (4.5 kW), while the lowest brake specific fuel consumption (0.24 kg/kWh) and highest brake thermal efficiency (32.14%) were produced by combining the first contamination level (0 ppm) with the second load (9 kW). The study concluded that diesel engine performance decreases when engine oil is exposed to the permissible levels of contamination above with changes in engine load. This study can aid diesel engine maintenance and operational instructions, particularly in glycol-contaminated diesel engine oil.

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 24 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
The impact of cross-training in the development of the skills of the crushing blow and the blow-to-blow stroke under the age of 17
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Rationalization the costs and improve seed quality under the application of biotechnology: An Applied Research in Ministry of Agriculture - the Directorate of Inspection &Certification of Seeds
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The importance of this research has been to rationalize the cost of producing maize seeds through the followers of modern techniques and methods in agricultural activities such as genetic engineering for the purpose of increasing production efficiency of maize seeds as well as the importance of calculating seed cost rationalization through the ABC system and thus rationalizing government spending. The research is based on a single hypothesis that the use of genetic engineering on corn seeds works to:increase production efficiency of seeds and savings in agricultural inputs, calculation of rationalization through the cost system on the basis of activity ABC The research reached a number of conclus

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 24 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Biomaterials
Histological Evaluation of the Effect of Local Application of Punica granatum Seed Oil on Bone Healing
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Background. Bone healing is a complex and dynamic process that represents a well-orchestrated series of biological events of cellular recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation. The use of medicinal plants in bone healing has attracted increasing interest because of their lower side effects. Punica granatum seed oil (PSO) contains high levels of phenolic compounds, promotes osteoblast function, and plays an important role in bone remodeling. A gelatin sponge (Spongostan) is a hemostatic agent that is extensively applied as scaffolds in engineering and as drug carriers in the medical field. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PSO for bone healing enhancement. Twenty adult male New Zealand rabbits, weighing an avera

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
The Effect of Operating Conditions of Urea Dewaxing on the Pour Point of Light Lubricating Oil
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An investigation was conducted for dewaxing of lubricating oil fraction by urea to reduce the pour point.In this study mixture of 45 % methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and 55 % toluene was used as a solvent. The studied variables are mixing time (10-70 min), solvent to oil volume ratio (0.5:1- 2:1), urea to wax weight ratio (2- 6) and constant mixing speed 1500 rpm. By analysis of the experimental results, the best operating conditions achieved are mixing time 40 min, solvent/oil 2:1 volume ratio, and urea/wax 4:1 weight ratio. At these conditions the pour point of the lubricating oil decreases from 24 ° C to -13 °C.

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 24 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Special Exercises Using A Proposed Training Apprentice And Its Effect On Some Biomechanical Indicators and Achieving 110m Hurdles For players Under 20 years old
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Synbiotic Effect Of Volaticle Oil Extracted From Leaves Rosmarinus Officinolis And Nigellai Sativa On Microbial And Sensory Characteristics Of Minced Poultry Meat During Cold Storage
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The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of using duplex volaticle oil of Rosmarinusoficinolis and Nigella sativain microbial quality, sensing and extending storage time of minced cold poultry meat. Duplex volaticle oil was added at 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg to minced poultry meat , these treatments were stored individually for (0 ,4 and 7) days at( 4-7) C0 . After making several microbial and sensing test. The following results were obtained:- The process of adding duplex volaticle oil of Rosmarinus officinolis and Nigella sativa to minced poultry meat led to significant reduced (P<0.01) in total arobic count, psychrophilic count and coliform bacteria during refrigerated storage periods. The results showed asignificant sens

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Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Mar 08 2024
Journal Name
Applied System Innovation
Adaptive Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Vehicle Steer-by-Wire under Communication Time Delays
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In this paper, an adaptive active disturbance rejection control is newly designed for precise angular steering position tracking of the uncertain and nonlinear SBW system with time delay communications. The proposed adaptive active disturbance rejection control comprises the following two elements: (1) An adaptive extended state observer and (2) an adaptive state error feedback controller. The adaptive extended state observer with adaptive gains is employed for estimating the unmeasured velocity, acceleration, and compound disturbance which consists of system parameter uncertainties, nonlinearities, exterior disturbances, and time delay in which the observer gains are dynamically adjusted based on the estimation error to enhance est

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 04 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of the Interaction between the Use of the Improve Strategy in Teaching Mathematics and Achievement Levels on the Acquisition of Algebraic Concepts and Habits of Mind among Tenth Grade Students in Oman
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The current study aims to investigate the effect of the interaction between the use of the improve strategy in teaching mathematics and the level of academic achievement on the acquisition of algebraic concepts and habits of mind among tenth-grade students in Oman. The study adopted the experimental method, based on a quasi-experimental design with two groups: experimental and control groups and pre-post-measurement. The study sample consisted of (28) 10th-grade students as an experimental group and 26 of 10th-grade students as a control group in Al-Tufail bin Amr School in South Al Batinah. The differences in the pretest and posttest gains were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, ANCOVA, t-test, effect size (eta-square), and two-wa

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Impact of Applying the Accounting Islamic Standards on the Cost Efficiency: An applied study in kingdom of Bahrain Islamic banks -Wholesale
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This research highlights the light on the general framework of accounting discloser in the Islamic banks, and show the types and the concepts of Cost Efficiency, In this present study, the sample included Fourteen Islamic banks, where the data was collected from the annual financial reports. Accordingly, the study in order to achieve the aims and access to the results based on the analytical method and the descriptive analysis, and conducted a Simple & Multiple Linear Regression analysis, in order to test hypotheses of the research by using of statistical analysis software (SPSS). The research has arrived to many results such as: the commitment of Islamic banks working in the Kingdome of Bahrain (Wholesale) to the requirements of the

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Crossref (1)
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Measuring the impact of oil price fluctuation on the budget Deficit base in Iraq for the period (2003-2020)
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Abstract

                 The research dealt with a studying the impact of oil price fluctuations on one of the rules of financial discipline, which is the rule of budget deficit in the Iraqi economy for the period (2003-2020) as it is one of the quarterly economies that rely mainly on volatile oil revenues that fluctuate with oil prices in global markets, and therefore the general budget suffers. from The state of instability and then the government resorts to borrowing for a long time . this deficit in the general budget and increase the debt burden in the public debt.The research aim to measure and study the impact of oil price flu

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