In individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene polymorphism has been linked to diabetic nephropathy (DN). Different renal disorders, including DN, have been found to alter cannabinoid (CB) receptor expression and activation. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between CNR1 rs1776966256 and rs1243008337 genetic variants and the risk of developing DN in Iraqi patients with T2DM. The study included 100 patients with T2DM, divided into two groups: 50 with DN and 50 without DN. Genotyping of CNR1 rs1776966256 and rs1243008337 polymorphisms was conducted using PCR in DN patients and control samples. The distribution of rs1776966256 and rs1243008337 genotypes and alleles between the two groups revealed statistically significant differences. The frequencies of the GG and AG genotypes of CNR1 rs1776966256 were significantly different between DN patients and the control group. Additionally, compared to the A allele, the G allele of this polymorphism was linked to a higher incidence of DN (p=0.0001). Patients with the genetic polymorphism rs1243008337 had higher genotypes of CC and AC and were more likely to develop DN in the polymorphism genotype than the wild genotype. Additionally, compared to the A allele, the C allele was linked to a higher chance of developing DN (p=0.0001). Both rs1776966256 and rs1243008337 polymorphisms were correlated with the development of diabetic nephropathy.
The concept of a 2-Absorbing submodule is considered as an essential feature in the field of module theory and has many generalizations. This articale discusses the concept of the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodules and their relationship to the 2-Absorbing submodule, Quasi-2-Absorbing submodule, Nearly-2-Absorbing submodule, Pseudo-2-Absorbing submodule, and the rest of the other concepts previously studied. The relationship between them has been studied, explaining that the opposite is not true and that under certain conditions the opposite becomes true. This article aims to study this concept and gives the most important propositions, characterizations, remarks, examples, lemmas, and observations related to it. In the en
... Show MoreLet be a module over a commutative ring with identity. In this paper we intoduce the concept of Strongly Pseudo Nearly Semi-2-Absorbing submodule, where a proper submodule of an -module is said to be Strongly Pseudo Nearly Semi-2-Absorbing submodule of if whenever , for implies that either or , this concept is a generalization of 2_Absorbing submodule, semi 2-Absorbing submodule, and strong form of (Nearly–2–Absorbing, Pseudo_2_Absorbing, and Nearly Semi–2–Absorbing) submodules. Several properties characterizations, and examples concerning this new notion are given. We study the relation between Strongly Pseudo Nearly Semei-2-Absorbing submodule and (2_Absorbing, Nearly_2_Absorbing, Pseudo_2_Absorbing, and Nearly S
... Show MoreBreast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, in Iraq it ranks the first among the population and the leading cause of cancer related female mortality. This study is designed to investigate the correlations between serum and tissue markers in order to clarify their role in progression or regression breast cancer. Tumor Markers are groups of substances, mainly proteins, produced from cancer cell or from other cells in the body in response to tumor. The study was carried out from April 2018 to April 2019 with total number of 60 breast cancer women. The blood samples were collected from breast cancer women in postoperative and pretherapeutic who attended teaching oncology hospital of the medical city in Baghdad and
... Show MoreThe relationship between pollution levels in river sediment and fluctuating asymmetry of resident silurid fish species,
Lipid disorders and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are known to be increased in patients with diabetes mellitus. The effects of statins on serum lipid levels are well known; however, previous studies did not compare the effects of statins on serum lipid levels in diabetic patients with non-diabetic patients. To investigate the effects of Atorvastatin on serum lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison with hyperlipidemic patients without diabetes.This study was conducted on 33 type 2 diabetic patients & 34 non-diabetic patients; their age range was 40-80 years, all of them were hyperlipidemic, who had been administered 10, 20, & 40 mg daily of Atorvastatin and completed a 6-month foll
... Show MorePlasma alkaline phosphatase isozyme in Iraqi fowl was studied by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two phenotypes fast and slow, were observed. These two phenotypes have been shown to be controlled by one single autosomal locus with two allel AKPF and AKPS. The gene frequency of AKPS is dominant over the AKPF. The result indicated that gene frequency of AKPF in leghorn and new hamshire was more frequent than in local Iraqi birds. Birds of fast isozyme type had higher 90 – day's egg production and egg weights as compared to those with slow isozyme. It is concluded that the fast isozyme can be used as gene marker for spotting out pullets with high body weight sexual maturity, high egg production and high egg weight.
Cytokines play a prominent role in etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and one of these cytokines is interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The association between IL1B gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP: rs16944) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a sample of Iraqi patients was investigated. Fifty-one RA patients (21 males and 30 females) were enrolled and their age range was 20 - 63 years (44.9 ± 1.5 years). In addition to patients, 45 apparently healthy control subjects were also enrolled in the study. They matched patients for ethnicity (Iraqis), gender (14 males and 31 females) and age (41.3 ± 1.3 years). Analysis of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in RA patients and controls revealed that the IL1B ge
... Show MoreAbstract
The common types of movement disorders are ; dystonia which is a syndrome of repetitive muscle contractions. While , Huntington disease is autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by involuntary movements (“chorea”).
Tetrabenazine therapy has been shown to effectively control this movements compared with placebo.
Design the proper dosing approach for patients treated with tetrabenazine with genotype polymorphisms and their hepatic effect on patients.
A prospective case controlled study was carried on 50 patients whom divided into 2 groups :first group involved 25 patients who had cho
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