Background: Lung cancer is a common disease for patients over the age of 50 years, especially males due to smoking habits. This study aimed to compare the modulation complexity score (MCS) for the advanced treatment planning techniques which the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who had non-small lung cancerous tumors on their left side participated in this study. The range ages were 68 to 98 years, the heights were between 151 and 182cm and they having weights from 46 to 79 kg. For Each patient will create two plans dial using two different techniques, which will be Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) in the Monaco 5.1 version, and then those plans will be forwarded to the Infinity Linear Accelerator (LINAC). For the purposes of evaluation, the dose volume histogram is utilized to perform the calculation necessary to determine the dose for tumors and Organs at Risk (OAR). After that, the modulation complexity score, also known as the MCS, was determined using the multiyear collimators of the plans. Results: Showed that the mean age of males was (82.6 ± 4.93) years, while the mean age of females was (72.12 ± 3.13) years. The proportion of males was significantly higher than that of females. The female patient had a higher body mass index than the male patient. The mean height of men in this study was (172.85 ± 2.02) cm, while the mean height of women was (156.32± 1.21) cm. The coverage planning target volume (PTV) for the left lung tumor shows that the VMAT was significantly higher than the IMRT at 95%, 98%, 5%, and 2%. When comparing IMRT and VMAT for the PTV 105%, there was no discernible difference between the two. According to the statistics, the conformity and homogeneity of the dose delivered by the VMAT was noticeably higher than those delivered by the IMRT. According to the findings of the study, the MCS score for the VMAT is noticeably higher than that of the IMRT. In the case of the IMRT technique, the relationship between the MCS and the total number of monitor units was found to be positive and direct, whereas in the case of the VMAT technique, the relationship was found to be negative and inverse. Conclusions: The volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) shows a better coverage and less complexity technique and could protect the heart, spinal cord, and right lung than the IMRT.
This study includes applying chemical tests on cow, sheep and chicken bones including both hallow and flat. The results of chemical tests on bones mentioned the moisture percentage which was between 4.95-7.32 %, and it was noticed the difference in protein percentage among different kinds of bones, The highest protien percentage was 39.62 % in hallow chicken bones and the lowest was in hallow sheep bones 20.31%, at the same time, the highest Ash percentage was in hallow sheep bones48.11% , whereas the highest percentage of fat was in hallow cow bones 30%. The chemical and physical tests were conducted for extracted fat from hallow and flat bones for cows, sheeps and chicken. It was found that peroxide values (PV), and free fatty acids (F
... Show MoreThrough this descriptive study of the image of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the independent Iraqi press, the researcher relies on surveys, content analysis, and observation tools. The research community selected was the Iraqi independent press, represented by the Al-Zaman, Al-Dustour, and Al-Mada newspapers. The researcher adopts the comprehensive inventory method for newspaper issues produced between October 2019 and January 2020.
The results of this study show that Iran's interference in Iraq's internal affairs was one of the most prominent components of the picture that independent Iraqi newspapers seek to paint about the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Abstracts:
The Central Bank is the backbone of the banking system as a whole, and in order to maintain the banking system, one of the most important functions that the Central Bank performs is the function of supervising and controlling banks, with several tools and methods, and one of the most important of these tools is its creation of the function of a compliance observer, which obligated commercial banks to appoint a person in A bank that performs this function according to certain conditions and granting it some powers that would build a sound and compliant banking system. The function of the compliance observer is to follow up on the bank’s compliance with the instructions and decisions issued by
... Show MoreThe issue of nuclear proliferation is one of the most vital issues as it reflects a form of dealing in the field of international relations. Therefore, the Middle East region has taken great interest in reducing the levels of nuclear armament and acquiring nuclear power within the strategic framework of the international and regional powers. The establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East region is currently one of the most important international and regional arrangements for controlling the levels of nuclear proliferation and attempting to build a state of stability and balance. In the Middle East and the world. The importance of the research comes from the fact that it deals with an important and vital issue
... Show MoreObjectives: The study aimed to clarify the role of Al-Sayyid Al-Ajall and his family in the service of the Mongol Empire. They worked to develop its administrative and military institutions, benefiting from their extensive experience in administration, politics, economics, and urban affairs. Due to their capabilities, they received the patronage of Genghis Khan and subsequent generations, earning the confidence of the ruling Mongol authority. As a result, they were granted significant powers within the state. Methods: The study relied on the analytical method to analyze historical texts, compare them with others, and discuss them accurately. Results: The study yielded several results, including the minister's keen interes
... Show MoreAbstract
This study deals with the fluctuations of oil revenues and its effect on the public debt. This can be studied through the indicators of debt sustainability, the financial, and economic indicators which express the risk of debt. The study focuses on clarification of the public debt path and its management both domestic and foreign. The sustainability of debt takes an important role according the macroeconomic variables. This study stresses the relationship between the rental economy in Iraq and the risk of the public debt, it is very important to work high oil prices, and on investigating during high work to establish a fund to support the budget deficit. This will reduce future risks arising from the use of publi
... Show More
This research aims to study the impact of strategic information systems on the development of intellectual capital in the Public Shareholding Electricity Distribution Company in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed for the purpose of data collection, as the number of valid questionnaires for analysis was about (135), and SPSS and AMOS 0.26 software was used to analyze the collected data. The study found out that the respondents' perceptions of the level of importance of strategic information systems and the level of importance of intellectual capital were high, and that the relational capital has ranked as first, followed by structural capital, and h
... Show MoreThe second half of the last century witnessed a great scientific revolution that was able to bring about wide changes in various fields, including the field of physical education, which plays a fundamental role in the process of change for the better, and which knocked all the doors of modern science in various aspects and from this perspective we see that students have different capabilities And interests and motives, which require providing a differentiated education, and this depends on the necessity of knowing each student and on the school’s ability to know appropriate strategies for teaching each student so there is no single way to teach so the research problem comes in experimenting with an educational method that works on
... Show MoreThis research included the hadiths in which the urge to fast the month of the month, or the beginning of the month, and followed the inductive approach to collecting hadiths, and the critical approach in their studies, and in the weighting of the right from the faces contained in it, and one of the most important results of the research is the agreement of the words of the people On the whiteness, whether it is a little or a lot, the rush of the month will be the first three nights, where the moon white is a little, and they also agreed that the middle three are called the white days, and that the release of the rage on them for the whiteness of its nights, where the moon is complete, and the Prophet has been proven. May God bless him an
... Show More