This article reviews the construction of organic solar cell (OSC) and characterized their optical and electrical properties, where indium tin oxide (ITO) used as a transparent electrode, “Poly (3-hexylthiophene- 2,5-diyl) P3HT / Poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) F8BT” as an active layer and “Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrene sulfonate)” PEDOT: PSS which is referred to the hole transport layer. Spin coating technique was used to prepared polymers thin film layers under ambient atmosphere to make OSC.  The prepared samples were characterized after annealing process at (80 ͦ C) for (30 min) under non-isolated circumference. The results show a value of filling factor (FF) of (2.888), (0.233) and (0.28

من الاهمية دراسة التاريخ كونه يمدنا بحلول للمشكلات المعاصرة في ضوء خبرات الماضي، ودراسة سلبيات وايجابيات هذه الحلول، وانطلاقا من مبدأ أن ذوي الإعاقة البصرية طاقة بشرية لابد من استثمارها بما يخدم تقدم وازدهار المجتمع، فمن الأهمية تسليط الضوء على هذه الفئة والإسهام بنقل صورة مشرفة عنها، قد تكون دافعا للآخرين ممن اوقفهم انطفاء شعاع النور والبصيرة عن اكمال حياتهم لشرارة امل تعيد لهم شغفهم في الحياة، وته

The research draws its importance from identifying the methods of profit management in misleading the financial statements, which in turn is reflected in the decisions of the authorities that relied on these reports, and then the models that help in detecting those methods used by the auditors. Risks. The index (margin of excess cash) was used to detect profit management practices on a group of banks listed in the Iraqi market for securities and the number of (23) banks, including (12) commercial bank and (11) Islamic bank and the results were compared to commercial banks with Islamic banks.((The research started from the hypothesis that the use of the (excess cash margin) model in the banking sector reveals the management

 Since there is no market for bond issuance by companies in the Iraqi market and the difficulty of borrowing, companies must resort to proprietary financing to finance their investments. However, in the framework of the literature of financial management, the type of financing used by the company sends signals to investors and therefore reflected on the market value. Therefore, the problem of the study revolves around the variables of the study (Equity financing within the framework the signal theory, price of common stock in the Iraqi market).     

The study aims to verify the impact of the capital increase through the issuance of new stock on the price of

In this work, effects of using different evaporative cooling pads (ECPs) on the energetic and exergetic efficiency of a direct evaporative air cooler (DEAC) have been theoretically and experimentally investigated. Three types of ECPs were used, i.e., honeycomb cellulose cooler pad (HCCP), shading-cloth cooler pad (SCCP), and aspen wood wool cooler pad (AWWCP). For SCCP and AWWCP, a 3-cm pad thickness was used, while for the HCCP, three different values of pad thickness were used, i.e., 3, 5, and 7 cm. Tests were carried out using air velocities of 8, 14, and 19 m/s, measured at the DEAC outlet. Engineering equation solver (EES) used for performing the required calculations of the various parameters affecting the thermal performance of the D

Insurance is one of effective high-impact activities in the economic and social aspects of development and that the insurance companies after the creation of stability, balance and support other sectors. The insurance of financial institutions with economic and social importance has an impact on the development and help shoulder the burden of risk and distribution. And measuring Indicators of service and cost her help in evaluating the performance and activity of insurance, and the study of sectors needed by society, institutions and individuals and development of the company. Covering all aspects of life and activity. In this study will focus on the insurance sector in the field of car accidents and so plentiful and their problems and d

All businesses seek to improve their levels of profits through various means, most notably their marketing channels, which ensure the delivery of their products to their customers in a safe manner in a timely manner. It considers losses to a minimum and that insurance companies place great interest in marine insurance losses because they often constitute huge amounts compared to other losses, hence the problem of research, which is centred on the type and size of the impact owned by the channel The Iraqi insurance company was chosen to be applied according to the intentional sample method because this company is closely related to the subject matter. The research has reached a set of conclusions, most notably that the choice of i

Background: A wound is defined as a break or damage in the skin, resulting from physical or thermal damage or as a result of the presence of an underlying medical or physical condition. Herbal medicine can be called one of the branches of medicine in various forms.Phyllunthus amarus is a small herb well known for its medicinal properties and widely used worldwide. P. amarus is an important plant of Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine. Fibronectin is a major component of the extracellular matrix. It is secreted by various cells, primarily fibroblasts, as a soluble protein dimer and is then assembled into an insoluble matrix in a complex cell-mediated process. Materials and methods: Forty rats will be subjected for a surgical operation

   The organizations and institutions of the developed countries have given attention to the subject of the knowledge economy by using advanced technology in the function of tax examination because of the important and effective role in ensuring the accuracy of the tax accounting process procedures, But the General Commission of taxes is still using traditional methods in the field of  tax examination which affects the performance of its work. This research aims to explain the level of effect on introducing advanced methods of Economics and knowledge represented by advanced communication technology in the field of practicing tax examination function in the General Commission of taxes, A questionnaire has been used as a mea

Recent developments in two main phases of cumulus cloud studies are discussed; first the relations between the clouds and their energy sources in the subcloud layer and second, the interaction between the clouds and their environment in the cloud layer. Under the first heading, the various originating impulses for cumulus formation are mentionitd. and how the character of this impulse affects the spacing, scale and temperature structure of the clouds. The possible origins of trade cumuli are considered.