Retainers have the potential to detrimentally impact periodontal health and contribute to tooth decay.

Background: Hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes are common conditions worldwide, with hypothyroidism affecting 4–10% of the population and type 2 diabetes affecting approximately 10% of adults globally. The increasing co-occurrence of these two conditions may contribute to increased oxidative stress and associated complications. Low levels of antioxidants are linked to hypothyroidism with type II diabetes because of the growth and production of free radicals, which makes patients more susceptible to oxidative stress. Objective: It was to assess how low antioxidants may exacerbate the pathogenic state of type 2 diabetic hypothyroid patients. Methods: 140 hypothyroid individuals with type 2 diabetes, ages 25 to 60, were assigned to t

Background/Objectives: This study evaluates the diagnostic and referral skills of final-year dental students at Al-Iraqia University using a questionnaire based on malocclusion cases ranging from mild to severe. Methods: The questionnaire, featuring photos and radiographs of five selected treated cases from two textbooks, was answered by 165 students who were asked to assess each case and determine whether orthodontic or surgical treatment was necessary, as well as to identify factors contributing to an unesthetic profile, such as irregular teeth. Frequency distribution and the Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results indicated good overall clinical competence. The unesthetic profile and irregular tee

Background: This study was carried out in response to the Zika virus epidemic, which constituted a public health emergency, and to the 2019 WHO calling for strengthened surveillance for the early detection of related microcephaly. The main aim of the study was to phenotype the craniofacial morphology of microcephaly using a novel approach and new measurements, and relate the characteristics to brain abnormalities in Zika-infected infants in Brazil to improve clinical surveillance.

Methods: 3D images of the face and the cranial vault of 44 Zika-infected infants and matched healthy controls were captured using a 3D stereophotogrammetry system. The CT scans of the brain of t

The M(II) complexes [M2 (phen)2 (L)(H2O)2Cl2 ] in (2:1:2 (M:L:phen) molar ratio, (where M(II) =Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Hg(II), phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; L = 2,2'-(1Z,1'Z)-(biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1- ylidene)diphenol] were synthesized. The mixed complexes have been prepared and characterized using 1H and13C NMR, UV/Visible, FTIR spectra methods and elemental microanalysis, as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. The metal complexes were tested in vitro against three types of pathogenic bacteria microorganisms: Staphylococcus aurous, Escherichia coli, Bacillussubtilis and Pseudomonasaeroginosa to assess their antimicrobial properties. From this study shows that all the

The compound [L] was produced in the current study through the reaction of 4-aminoacetophenon with 4-methoxyaniline in the cold, concentrated HCl with 10% NaNO2. Curcumin, several transition metal complexes (Ni (II), La (III), and Hg (II)), and compound [L] were combined in EtOH to create new complexes. UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, AA, TGA-DSC, conductivity, chloride content, and elemental analysis (CHNS) were used to describe the structure of produced complexes. Biological activities against fungi, S. aureus (G+), Pseudomonas (G-), E. coli (G-), and Proteus (G-) were demonstrated using complexes. Depending on the outcomes of the aforementioned methods, octahedral formulas were given as the geometrical structures for each created comp

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the color changes between the bonded middle third and the unbonded gingival and incisal thirds, fallowing fixed orthodontic treatment Material and method: The color parameter l, a, b has been recorded for each thirds in upper anterior teeth by mean of easy shad device. The has been calculated for gingival, middle and incisal thirds for the upper anterior teeth in 34 patient, 17 males and 17femals, those subject undergone fixed orthodontic treatment Results: The in middle bonded third is highly significant higher than that in incise and gingival thirds p<0.01 because the middle third isn’t expose to oral fluid and dental brushing since it covered by the bracket. Also there

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the color change ∆E of the dental enamel following treatment with 2 kinds of protector (icon infiltrant, clinpro varnish) before fixed orthodontic treatment to avoid the possible white spot lesions. Materials and Methods: Fifty four subjects treated with fixed appliances were divided into 3 groups: the 1st group was control, while the 2nd and 3rd groups were treated with icon infiltrant and clinpro varnish before bonding procedure, respectively. Color parameters (L,a,b) were recorded for the middle and gingival thirds before and after bonding procedure to get the ∆E of each group. Results: One-way ANOVA test showed a non-significant difference in ∆E between the 3 groups a