The utilization of sugarcane molasses (SCM), a byproduct of sugar refining, offers a promising bio-based alternative to conventional chemical admixtures in cementitious systems. This study investigates the effects of SCM at five dosage levels, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, and 1.25% by weight of cement, on cement mortar performance across fresh, mechanical, thermal, durability, and density criteria. A comprehensive experimental methodology was employed, including flow table testing, compressive strength (7, 14, and 28 days) and flexural strength measurements, embedded thermal sensors for real-time hydration monitoring, water absorption and chloride ion penetration tests, as well as 28-day density determination. Results revealed clear dose-dependent behavior, with SCM enhancing mortar flowability proportional to dosage, raising the spread diameter from 11.5 cm (control) to 20 cm at 1.25%. At 0.25% SCM, compressive strength (47.5 MPa at 28 days) and flexural strength (~2.9 MPa) were higher than those of the remaining SCM dosages, supported by sustained heat release and positive temperature differentials. However, dosages ≥ 0.5% drastically suppressed hydration kinetics and mechanical performance, with compressive strength falling below 10 MPa. Furthermore, high SCM content led to increased water absorption (up to 10.6%) and chloride permeability (CIP above 5100 C), while bulk density declined from 2250 kg/m3 to 2080 kg/m3 at 1.25% SCM. Statistical validation using one-way ANOVA confirmed that these differences across dosage levels were significant (p < 0.05), underscoring the importance of dosage optimization. This investigation confirms that low-dosage SCM (≤0.25%) can be an effective bio-additive, providing improved workability with negligible compromise in strength and durability. In contrast, higher dosages undermine matrix integrity and performance. Future work is recommended to assess long-term microstructural evolution, field exposure durability, and adaptability across diverse cementitious systems.
First: People’s need for advocacy:
Calling for a legal necessity for all people, regardless of their races, colours, tongues, and culture, to explain the truth, spread fear, bring benefits, ward off evil, regulate a person’s relationship with his Lord, and his relationship with creatures, so that he knows his money and what he owes.
All of creation is in dire need of the call to God’s religion with insight due to their inability to reach out to goodness, righteousness, guidance, and success on their own. Man is limited in thinking in this universe, limited in his resolve, unable to know what will improve his affairs in the two worlds. His need for religion is one of the necessities of his life, and one of the comple
... Show MoreThe research aims to: Preparing rehabilitative exercises with accompanying tools to rehabilitate those with shoulder dislocation. Knowing the effect of rehabilitative exercises and accompanying aids in improving the muscular strength and motor range of those with dislocations in the shoulder joint. The two researchers used the experimental design with the same experimental group with the pre and post tests, so the researcher chose a sample appropriate to the nature of his research problem, its goals and its hypotheses, as a sample of the injured was chosen to remove the shoulder joint, who completed the treatment, who were not practicing sports, and those who went to the Physiotherapy Center at Al-Was
... Show MoreIn this research was conducted to provide a product to analyze the performance sensor fiber optic used to measure and feel the intensity of the electric field results showed obtained that use sensor long gives reactive high electric field strength and a high value for allergic sensor, but that is at the expense of reducing the intensity of the electric field that is detected
The Smart Sustainable City Baghdad (SSCB-App) initiative advances a novel, multi-sectoral framework for urban transformation in fragile and conflict-affected contexts. Conceived as both a technological innovation and a governance instrument, the SSCB-App operationalizes the principles of resilience, sustainability, and inclusivity within a city marked by protracted conflict, infrastructural collapse, and institutional fragmentation. Through the integration of real-time data analytics, interactive dashboards, and scenario-based simulations, the application systematically engages critical urban domains—energy, water, transportation, healthcare,
The goal of the study is to identify the components of sustainable development—economic, social, and cultural—as recommended by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization and how they apply to the foreign language instruction process at Iraqi universities. The development of sustainable development principles is considered while evaluating the importance of two fundamental components of high-quality education: the learning environment and the curriculum. The research employs a qualitative design and uses an observational instrument with a sample of fifty students at second-year English department/college of education (Ibn-Rushd) at Baghdad University. The survey's findings, which sought to learn how st
... Show MoreTo move forward on the path of goodness and peace, we must realize that, in the midst of the great diversity of cultures and forms of human life in the world, that we form one human nation, which God Almighty created to worship Him on His earth and under His heavens and to enjoy His bounties and natural resources that God Almighty has bestowed upon that nation. On one land, and it is governed by one common destiny. Every country has been endowed with a natural resource by God Almighty that distinguishes it from the other country to live in prosperity if these wealth are distributed equally among the members of the same society and societal justice is achieved. We must join together to work for the establishment of a sustainable global commu
... Show MoreAs we live in the era of the fourth technological revolution, it has become necessary to use artificial intelligence to generate electric power through sustainable solar energy, especially in Iraq and what it has gone through in terms of crises and what it suffers from a severe shortage of electric power because of the wars and calamities it went through. During that period of time, its impact is still evident in all aspects of daily life experienced by Iraqis because of the remnants of wars, siege, terrorism, wrong policies ruling before and later, regional interventions and their consequences, such as the destruction of electric power stations and the population increase, which must be followed by an increase in electric power stations,
... Show MoreMalaysia's growing population and industrialisation have increased solid waste accumulation in landfills, leading to a rise in leachate production. Leachate, a highly contaminated liquid from landfills, poses environmental risks and affects water quality. Conventional leachate treatments are costly and time-consuming due to the need for additional chemicals. Therefore, the Electrocoagulation process could be used as an alternative method. Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical method of treating water by eliminating impurities by applying an electric current. In the present study, the optimisation of contaminant removal was investigated using Response Surface Methodology. Three parameters were considered for optimisation: the curr
... Show More