The nature of the dark sector of the Universe remains one of the outstanding problems in modern cosmology, with the search for new observational probes guiding the development of the next generation of observational facilities. Clues come from tension between the predictions from Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) and observations of gravitationally lensed galaxies. Previous studies showed that galaxy clusters in the ΛCDM are not strong enough to reproduce the observed number of lensed arcs. This work aims to constrain the warm dark matter (WDM) cosmologies by means of the lensing efficiency of galaxy clusters drawn from these alternative models. The lensing characteristics of two samples of simulated clusters in the Λ warm dark matter and ΛCDM cosmologies have been studied. The results show that even though the cold dark matter (CDM) clusters are more centrally concentrated and contain more substructures, the WDM clusters have slightly higher lensing efficiency than their CDM counterparts. The key difference is that WDM clusters have more extended and more massive subhaloes than CDM analogues. These massive substructures significantly stretch the critical lines and caustics and hence they boost the lensing efficiency of the host halo. Despite the increase in the lensing efficiency due to the contribution of massive substructures in the WDM clusters, this is not enough to resolve the arc statistics problem.
Abstract:
Bajila regarded as descending from Anmar Ibn Nizar. Al-Masudi accepts
Bajila and Khath”am as being of Nizar, and asserts that it was only out of the
enmity that they were said to be from the Yemen.
Al-Ya”qubi tries to harmonize this by assuming that Anmar married a
women of the Yemen and that his sons Bajila and Khath”am are thus
connected to the people of this region only through their mothers line.
Bajila embraced Islam in the period of the prophet. Omar 1 forced this
tribe to go to Iraq instead of Al-_Sham, and gave them the quarter of Al- Saw
ad. Then they prohibited from that quarter by given money as reward that
made them against omar1.
This tribe assisted the forth rightly guided ca
Early childhood Is the of the important stages in the life of man and initiated full on others
reliability has been rise in growth toward independence and self-reliance, as is the transition
from the home environment to the kindergarten environment (kindergarten) (4-6) years where
starts in the interaction with the external environment, it is an essential stage in the
construction of sound personal to the child, and choose proper clothes at this age is one of the
important aspects in building the child's personality, as it reflects the clothing behavior and
taste his parents, especially his mother, she is the first responsible for providing clothes for
her children. Children at this stage are dependent the mothers in
The study aims to identify the impact of the round-robin strategy on the logical thinking of fourth-year middle school students in chemistry. Two groups were employed: an experimental group consisted of (30) students who were taught according to the round-robin strategy, and the control group consisted of (30) students who were taught according to the traditional method. The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control by preparing the visual thinking test tool, which consists of (20) multiple-choice items, it was applied as a post-test on the research sample. The result showed that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group, which was taught according to the Round Robin s
... Show MoreThe design of the interior spaces process the product of intellectual civilization expresses the prevailing thought, discoverers of principles and beliefs through the sheen reflects the present, and generating languages graphical variety caused a different revolution in design mounting structure, and because of the complex nature of the interior spaces were and we have to be a reflection of cultural reality of being a form of cultural expression and true embodiment of scientific developments prevailing for each stage where she was born, the changes occurring in human thought and then extremism and the discrepancy tastes among individuals all communities factors have caused a change in the design structure involving modernization an
... Show MoreThe introduction of the research on the science of training and the physiology of sports was addressed from important sciences, where the physical effort drew the attention of scientists since the past centuries when they studied how the body performs its functions when performing physical exertion and observe the changes that occur in it and write down and study especially the positive effects of the practice of daily sports The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of plank exercises on the lipid component and the metabolic rate (bmr) of the female students of the Higher Institute for Security and Management Development. As for the third chapter, the two researchers used the experimental method on a sample of the female s
... Show MoreThis research aims to examine the relationship between learning organization and behavior of work teams. The variable of the learning organization took four dimensions depending on the study (sudhartna & Li, 2004): Common cultural values , communication, knowledge transfer and the characteristics of workers. The behavior of teams was identified on the basis of realizing of the respondents of their organization to work as a team where the research relied concepts applied in the study (Hakim , 2005) , and chose to research the case of a service organization for the study and relied on four dimensions of coordination , cooperation , sharing of information , the performance of the team, and was a curriculum approach and des
... Show MoreI often read in Islamic jurisprudence in all chapters as much as possible from divine success, time and health, and everything I read in any of the chapters of jurisprudence, I see divine light, eternal wisdom, and a constitution that does not accept error and alteration, as I looked at the great jurisprudential treasures and this enormous wealth, A person finds in himself helplessness in front of this law, how clear, easy, and accurate it is, and it contains permanent good for man, as it is a religion of mercy, benevolence, and goodness, and among these chapters of jurisprudence is the jurisprudence of the commandment. Of the reasons, in the will, the person has had the opportunity to make up for what he missed of doing good that a pers
... Show MoreThe method of Similarity of important topics in Arabic Rhetoric has ample evidence in the Qur'an and the Hadith and the words of the Arabs and this study is limited to only the Koran.
There have been Similarity in the Holy Quran on both types : investigative and discretion , but the verses are more Similarity investigative and in verse 49 Similarity investigative and in verse 25.
The rush of Albulageyen and many other examples of Quranic Vmtheloa on Similarity , with a linguistic analysis and return to the origins of the meanings are not properly counted Similarity , Kolvaz cunning , deception , and maliciousness , the bad and ridicule.
This study seeks as much as possible to the statement of this phenomenon and stand on these t
There is an association between the signifier and the signifier. This association shows the eyeball, which acquires a direct presence and whose presence influences the level of production of the hidden connotation. Because the theatrical presentation is a series of auditory-visual functions, these signs are looking for the exploration of their meanings and their evocation to form a complete loop to achieve the association of the above. This is what made the researcher to monitor the abundance of semantic shifts in theatrical presentation as long as the implications of the strategy continue in the game of semantic production with multiple horizons, and the idea in theatrical presentation tolerates multiple readings according to the refere
... Show MoreMarketing is one of the most important pillars on which most industrial and commercial sectors depend on evaluating their performance, improving their financial position, development and economic growth. The presence of effective marketing activities in any industrial or commercial organization (which works to meet the requirements of customers in order to ensure the integration of trading and handling rings with consumers and to ensure the growth of the marketing process regularly and not to retreat) effectively contributes to maintaining the company's position between its competitors and its customers. It is necessary to have these marketing activities in order to meet the requirements of the organization on the one hand and to
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