The study focuses on the problem that Iraq is approaching an increasing rate of literacy;the available data refers to a rate of (18% -19%). In addition to the fact that the generalcurrent role of the programs directed to literacy is not actually effective enough to limit the expansion of this rate.

The importance of this study highlights the fact that the Iraqi universities are an important tributary among the tributaries of human development, especially in spreading the education of the voluntary work in literacy field and confirming the connection between the students and their society and their role in solving one of the prominent challenges that face the development, i.e., literacy.

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             The economical units in the world face great and rapid challenges in all aspects, a matter that requires facing these challenges throughout continuous improving and developing in their performance to keep their competitive position "place".

       The Benchmarking Technique is one of the modern managerial tools that are proved to be successful in application throughout making continuous comparisons between products or services and the best – performance levels the compete with it . This is achieved to develop its performance and give it the competitive criterion with which it faces its competitors.

    This histological study was carried out to compare between the thyroid gland of mice (as a model of the mammals) and the thyroid tissue of fish.  Unlike mice, the thyroid gland of fish can't be recognized by naked eye.  The present study revealed that the thyroid of mice varied from that of fish by the location and the histological structure. The study classified the physiological state of the thyroid of mice into three states and that of the fish into only two states. Accordingly, the study concluded that the metabolism of thyroid fish was of moderate type.

Numerous drilling additives and materials are used continuously because they are necessary to support and give the required properties of the drilling fluid so that to ensure the stability of the borehole. This paper aspires to evaluate the rheological properties of bentonite (montmorillonite) Trefawey as an alternative to using commercial bentonite. Monitoring and evaluating of the rheological and filtration properties were prepared. This exertion aims to focus on the effect of hematite, and barite on the rheological properties of the three aforementioned bentonite types. An improvement in the rheological properties of bentonite (montmorillonite). Trefawey was observed after adding the previous heavy materials. Hematite has by some

لخلاصة تشغل قضايا الهوية محور اهتمام الكثير من الباحثين والدارسين في بنية المجتمعات ومستقبل الدول, وفي كثير من الدراسات التي كتبها هؤلاء كان هناك ميل نحو دراسة الهوية وعلاقتها بحركة الدول تقدما وتراجعا ,فهناك من عزا تقدم دولة ما إلى نجاح نخبها السياسية في صناعة هوية جامعة لحالة التنوع الذي يميز مجتمعها, ويمكن ان تشير الى الولايات المتحدة الامريكية كأنموذج للنجاح في هذا الاطار.وهناك من ارجع

Over the last few decades the mean field approach using selfconsistent
Haretree-Fock (HF) calculations with Skyrme effective
interactions have been found very satisfactory in reproducing
nuclear properties for both stable and unstable nuclei. They are
based on effective energy-density functional, often formulated in
terms of effective density-dependent nucleon–nucleon interactions.
In the present research, the SkM, SkM*, SI, SIII, SIV, T3, SLy4,
Skxs15, Skxs20 and Skxs25 Skyrme parameterizations have been
used within HF method to investigate some static and dynamic
nuclear ground state proprieties of ^84-108Mo isotopes. In particular,
the binding energy, proton, neutron, mass and charge densities

Background: The repair of bone defects remains a major clinical challenge in dentistry. Bone is a highly vascularized tissue reliant on the close spatial and temporal connection between blood vessels and bone cells to maintain skeletal integrity. The health promotive , preventive, and curative properties of herbs were recognized by the ancient and the present pharmacist and physicians to form the theoretical foundations in Medicine. Objective: Immunohistochemistry of osteocalcin and histological study to prove that symphytum officinale oil when applied locally on generated bone defect healing in rat tibia, it was very effectiveness. Patients and Methods: 0ur study fourty male rats , weighting (250-350) grams ,aged (5 7)months ,was