The combined system of electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-oxidation (EO) is one of the most promising methods in dye removal. In this work, a solution of 200 mg/l of Congo red was used to examine the removal of anionic dye using an EC-EO system with three stainless steel electrodes as the auxiliary electrodes and an aluminum electrode as anode for the EC process, Cu-Mn-Ni Nanocomposite as anode for the EO process. This composite oxide was simultaneously synthesized by anodic and cathodic deposition of Cu (NO3)2, MnCl2, and Ni (NO3)2 salts with 0.075 M as concentrations of each salt with a fixed molar ratio (1:1:1) at a constant current density of 25 mA/cm2. The characteristics structure and surface morphology of the deposited nano oxides onto the graphite substrates were determined by (XRD), (FE-SEM), (AFM), and (EDX). The results shown that nano Cu-Mn-Ni oxides were successfully deposited onto the anode and cathode. The crystal size and root mean square for the cathode were 30.79 nm and 79.36 nm, respectively, while for the anode, they were 24.19 nm and 41.88 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the combined system was examined for C.D, NaCl concentration, and time. In the EC-EO combined system, the cathode and anode were efficient when used as anodes for the EO process, besides aluminum. The cathode was more effective in the removal process than the anode due to its larger crystal size and the rough, granular shape of its surface. When current density (C.D) increased from 3 to 6 mA/cm², the removal efficiency shifted from 95% to 98%. However, excellent removal of 98% and 96.5% was attained with 1.665 and 2.0859 kWh/kg of dye as energy consumption in the presence and absence of NaCl salt, respectively by applying 6 mA/cm2 within 20 min of electrolysis.
synthesis, Composition, Spectral, Geometry and Antibacterial Applications ofMn(||),Ni(||),Co(||),Cu(||) and Hg(||) schiff Base complexes of N2O2 mixed donor with 1,10-phenanthroline
In this work we study the influence of the laser pulse energy and ablation time on the aluminum nanoparticles productivity during nanosecond laser ablation of bulk aluminum immersed in liquid.
Aluminum nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Al targets in ethanol for 3-8 minutes using the 1064 nm wavelength of a Nd:YAG laser with energies of 300-500 mJ per pulse.The laser energy was varied between 300 and 500 mJ/pulse, whereas the ablation time was set to 5 minutes. UV-Visible absorption spectra was used for the characterization and comparison of products.
In this study, chemical oxidation was employed for the synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) nanofiber. Furthermore, PPy has been subjected to treatment using nanoparticles of neodymium oxide (Nd2O3), which were produced and added in a certain ratio. The inquiry centered on the structural characteristics of the blend of polypyrrole and neodymium oxide after their combination. The investigation utilises X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) for PPy, 10%, 30%, and 50% by volume of Nd2O3. According to the electrochemical tests, it has been noted that the nanocomposites exhibit a substantial amount of pseudocapacitive activity.
As one type of resistance furnace, the electrical tube furnace (ETF) typically experiences input noise, measurement noise, system uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances, which significantly degrade its temperature control performance. To provide precise, and robust temperature tracking performance for the ETF, a robust composite control (RCC) method is proposed in this paper. The overall RCC method consists of four elements: First, the mathematical model of the ETF system is deduced, then a state feedback control (SFC) is constructed. Third, a novel disturbance observer (DO) is designed to estimate the lumped disturbance with one observer parameter. Moreover, the stability of the closed loop system including controller
... Show MoreA new Schiff base ligand [L] [3-methyl-9,10 phenyl -6,7 dihydro-5,8 –dioxo-1,2 diazo –cyclo dodecu 2,11-diene ,4-one ] and its complexes with (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu (II), Zn(II) and Cd(II)) were synthesis.This ligand was prepared in three steps, in the first step a solution of salicyladehyed in methanol reacted under refluxed with hydrazine monohydrate to give an (intermediate compound 1) which reacted in the second step with sodium pyruvate to give an (intermediate compound 2) which gave the ligand [L] in the three step when it reacted with 1,2- dichloro ethane.The complexes were synthesized by direct reaction of the corresponding metal chloride with the ligand. The ligand and complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods [IR, UV-
... Show MoreThe introduction of Industry 4.0, to improve Internet of Things (IoT) standards, has sparked the creation of 5G, or highly sophisticated wireless networks. There are several barriers standing in the way of 5G green communication systems satisfying the expectations for faster networks, more user capacity, lower resource consumption, and cost‐effectiveness. 5G standards implementation would speed up data transmission and increase the reliability of connected devices for Industry 4.0 applications. The demand for intelligent healthcare systems has increased globally as a result of the introduction of the novel COVID‐19. Designing 5G communication systems presents research problems such as optimizing
Simvastatin (SIM), is an inactive lactone, anti-hyperlipidemic drug. The drug belongs to the class II group according to the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) with low bioavailability due to its low solubility. Adsorption technique is an effective technique for improving the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs by using the mesoporous silica. The present study aims to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of SIM using such technique. Soluplus® and poloxamer 407 were used as surfactants besides magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) as adsorbent. All the MAS loading SIM formulations were prepared by the solvent evaporation method in different drug: adsorbent: surfactant weight ratios, then evaluated f
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