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Removal of artificial anionic dye by electrocoagulation and electro-oxidation combined system using aluminum and nano (Cu-Mn-Ni) composite electrodes
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      The combined system of electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-oxidation (EO) is one of the most promising methods in dye removal. In this work, a solution of 200 mg/l of Congo red was used to examine the removal of anionic dye using an EC-EO system with three stainless steel electrodes as the auxiliary electrodes and an aluminum electrode as anode for the EC process, Cu-Mn-Ni Nanocomposite as anode for the EO process. This composite oxide was simultaneously synthesized by anodic and cathodic deposition of Cu (NO3)2, MnCl2, and Ni (NO3)2 salts with 0.075 M as concentrations of each salt with a fixed molar ratio (1:1:1) at a constant current density of 25 mA/cm2. The characteristics structure and surface morphology of the deposited nano oxides onto the graphite substrates were determined by (XRD), (FE-SEM), (AFM), and (EDX). The results shown that nano Cu-Mn-Ni oxides were successfully deposited onto the anode and cathode. The crystal size and root mean square for the cathode were 30.79 nm and 79.36 nm, respectively, while for the anode, they were 24.19 nm and 41.88 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the combined system was examined for C.D, NaCl concentration, and time. In the EC-EO combined system, the cathode and anode were efficient when used as anodes for the EO process, besides aluminum. The cathode was more effective in the removal process than the anode due to its larger crystal size and the rough, granular shape of its surface. When current density (C.D) increased from 3 to 6 mA/cm², the removal efficiency shifted from 95% to 98%. However, excellent removal of 98% and 96.5% was attained with 1.665 and 2.0859 kWh/kg of dye as energy consumption in the presence and absence of NaCl salt, respectively by applying 6 mA/cm2 within 20 min of electrolysis.  

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Building a Reliable Steganography System Using Random Key in a spatial Domain of Image
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With time progress importance of hiding information become more and more and all steganography applications is like computer games between hiding and extracting data, or like thieves and police men always thieve hides from police men in different ways to keep him out of prison. The sender always hides information in new way in order not to be understood by the attackers and only the authorized receiver can open the hiding message. This paper explores our proposed random method in detail, how chooses locations of pixel in randomly , how to choose a random bit to hide information in the chosen pixel, how it different from other approaches, how applying information hiding criteria on the proposed project, and attempts to test out in code, and

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 30 2013
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
A Study of Water Flux through Forward Osmosis Membrane Using Brine\Fresh Water System
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The present work aims to improve the flux of forward osmosis with the use of Thin Film Composite membrane by reducing the effect of polarization on draw solution (brine solution) side.This study was conducted in two parts. The first is under the effect of polarization in which the flux and the water permeability coefficient (A) were calculated. In the second part of the study the experiments were repeated using a circulating pump at various speeds to make turbulence and reduce the effect of polarization on the brine solution side.
A model capable of predicting water permeability coefficient has been derived, and this is given by the following equations:
Z=Z+C.R.T/9.8(d2/D2+1) [Exp. [-9.8(d

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 26 2022
Journal Name
Neuroquantology
Efficiency Evaluation of Optical System Includes Different Stop Apertures When Using Relative Moving Factor
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In this work, optical system with different aperture shapes (circular, square, elliptical and triangle aperture) has been used for efficiency evaluation when the system involved moving factor in ideal case (aberration free). The optical system evaluate far moving object, therefore the image forming at image plane due to point spread function (image formula of incoherently illuminated point object). A mathematical treatment has been used to getting results by Gaussian numerical calculations method. The results show priority of circular aperture when optical system that submits of moving factor.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 30 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Biological Co-existence of the Microalgae – Bacteria System in Dairy Wastewater using photo-bioreactor
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Aeration system in the cultivation of Chlorella Sp. Microalgae using dairy wastewater as culture media was addressed in the current study. This research aimed to study the effect of aeration in the bubble column bioreactor on the biological synergy between microalgae and bacteria if they are present in the same place. The results show that the sterilization stage is not the dominant step in the success of microalgae cultivation in water-rich organic waste. There is a clear convergence between the growth rate of Chlorella microalgae in the sterilized and non-sterilized culture media, which gives realism if the proposal is applied industrially. Through the information obtained the aerobic bacteria in the non-sterilized me

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 02 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Co(II),Ni(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) Complexes with Ligand 2-[4- Carboxy methyl phenyl azo] -4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4CMeI)
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A new chelate complexes of Co(II),Ni(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) were prepared by reacting these ions with the ligand 2-[4- Carboxy methyl phenyl azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4CMeI) The preparation were conducted after fixing the optimum conditions such as (pH) and concentration .UV- visible spectra of these complex solutions were studied for a range of (pH) and concentration which obey lampert-Beers Law.The structures of complexes were deduced according to mole ratio method which were obtained from the spectroscopic studies of the complex solutions .The ratios of metal: ligand obtained were (1:2) for all complexes..(UV-Vis) absorption spectra and The infrared spectra of the chelating complexes were studied ,this may indicate that coordination be

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Advanced Research In Computer And Communication Engineering
Information hiding by using Developed M8PAM Technique
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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Fuzzy-assignment Model by Using Linguistic Variables
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      This work addressed the assignment problem (AP) based on fuzzy costs, where the objective, in this study, is to minimize the cost. A triangular, or trapezoidal, fuzzy numbers were assigned for each fuzzy cost. In addition, the assignment models were applied on linguistic variables which were initially converted to quantitative fuzzy data by using the Yager’sorankingi method. The paper results have showed that the quantitative date have a considerable effect when considered in fuzzy-mathematic models.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 25 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Desalination by Membrane Distillation Using Electrospun Membranes
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Electrospinning is a novel technique that can be used to produce highly porous fibers with highly tunable properties. In this research, this technique is adopted to prepare the electrospun nanofiber membrane for membrane distillation application. A custom-built electrospinning setup was made to prepare the nanofibers membrane. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer was used in the electrospinning process due to its high hydrophobicity. Electrospun (PVDF) nanofibers were tested in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process using 0.6 M sodium chloride as a feed solution. The resulting nanofiber membrane exhibited high performance in DCMD (i.e. relatively high water flux and high salt rejection). It has been found

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Writer Authentication by Using Syllables Frequency
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An approach is depended in the recent years to distinguish any author or writer from other by analyzing his writings or essays. This is done by analyzing the syllables of writings of an author. The syllable is composed of two letters; therefore the words of the writing are fragmented to syllables and extract the most frequency syllables to become trait of that author. The research work depend on analyzed the frequency syllables in two cases, the first, when there is a space between the words, the second, when these spaces are ignored. The results is obtained from a program which scan the syllables in the text file, the performance is best in the first case since the sequence of the selected syllables is higher than the same syllables in

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Psoriasis Treatment by Using Narrowband-UVB Phototherapy
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Ultraviolet light radiation is applied to treat Plaque Psoriasis disease by targeted phototherapy. This is available through Narrowband-UVB light radiation devices peaked at wavelength 311 nm. Ten cases were chosen as a study group, 8 males aged 22-40 years old, and 2 females aged 25 and 32 years old who were exposed to ultraviolet light radiation. Their recovery or improvement was followed weekly. Different doses were used according to the severity of the lesion and as a trial for the outcome. The dose was given two times a week, starting with 200mJ/cm2, and subsequently increased by 100 or 200 mJ/cm2 reaching a maximum dose as tolerated by each individual patient. Improvement was observed after 4 – 6 weeks. The

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