Lignans are natural products widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They are composed of two β-β-linked phenylpropane (shikimate-derived biogenetic subunits). Although the backbone of lignans is composed of phenylpropane units, there is enormous diversity in the structure of lignans leading to different classes of lignans, such as γ-butyrolactone derivatives, eg. Hymatairesinol, bicyclooctadiene derivatives, e.g. pinoresinol, tetrahydrofuran derivatives e.g.lariciresinol, di-arylbutandiol derivatives, e.g. secoisolariciresinol. Introduction of a further carbon –carbon linkage leads to a class of lignans collectively known as cyclolignans such as tetrahydro-naphthalene derivatives, for example podophyllotoxin. Lignans ha

This paper generalizes and improves the results of Margenstren, by proving that the number of -practical numbers  which is defined by   has a lower bound in terms of . This bound is more sharper than Mangenstern bound when  Further general results are given for the existence of -practical numbers, by proving that the interval contains a -practical for all

  Robert Nozick is an American thinker who formulated his political theory in his book (Anarchy, State, Utopia) in 1974, which included his most important main ideas represented in the emergence of (The Minimal State) as well as (Entitlement Theory), through which he expressed his rejection of stereotypical distributive justice theories such as equality In Marxism and social liberalism, his ideas were characterized by a very extreme individualist tendency, and his ideas contributed to supporting the neo-liberal trend.     

Three composite grinding wheel series were prepared using three different ceramic binders . Two of the three series behaved in typical ceramic — type manner in their consolidation behaviour , while the third deviated strongly . The measured mechanical properties behaved in a similar manner . The main reason was found tobe the way the binder material interacts with the SiC — particles . The results are discussed in terms of the rol played by the binder in shaping the final mechanical properties of the composites .

     The change in the optical properties for samples of pure PVA and PVA /K2CrO4composite have been studied .The samples were prepared with different percentage (1,3,5,and 7)%wt of K2CrO4 by casting method technique .In this work ,we are study the absorption ,reflectance spectra ,absorption  coefficient, energy gap ,extinction coefficient ,and transmittance spectra as a function of wavelength range (200-800)nm ,Also  real and imaginary part of dielectric constant have been studied in the range of wave length .The results exhibit the optical properties change by the increase of K2CrO4 concentration, and the values of energy gap for indirect transitions decrease by the increase of the concentration of  K2CrO4

Encouraging children towards the cognitive motivation through the discovery and knowledge of the environment around them is essential. Thus, during the two researchers’ supervision of the practical lessons that involved the female students’ application of their experience in the Applied Kindergarten Laboratory, it has been noticed that there was a difference in the cognitive motivation of kindergarten children. In order to reinforce the research problem, the two researchers sent an open questionnaire to a sample of randomly selected kindergarten teachers from Al-Karkh and Al-Rasafa sides. The responses collected accentuated the researchers’ sense of the existing problem. To achieve the aim of the study represented by examining the

Background: celiac disease, is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the small intestine that is precipitated by the ingestion of gluten, a component of wheat protein, in genetically susceptible persons. Serologic tests for antibodies against Endomysium, Reticulin, and Gliadin identify most patients with the disease. Early diagnosis and management are important to forestall serious consequences of malabsorption, such as osteoporosis and anemia
Aims of the study: This study compared the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of, anti-reticulin and anti-gliadin antibodies according to anti endomysium antibodies , in consecutive patients investigated for celiac disease antibodies.
Patient& Methods: Total 509 patients (236

The present study is to formulate and evaluate Acyclovir (ACV) microspheres using natural polymers like chitosan and sodium alginate. ACV is a DNA polymerase inhibitor used in treating herpes simplex virus infection and zoster varicella infections. Acyclovir is a suitable candidate for sustained-release (SR) administration as a result of its dosage regimen twice or thrice a day and relatively short plasma half-life (approximately 2 to 4 hours). Microspheres of ACV were prepared by an ionic dilution method using chitosan and sodium alginate as polymers. The prepared ACV microspheres were then subjected to FTIR, SEM, particle size, % yield, entrapment efficiency, in vitro dissolution studies and release kinetics mechanism. The FTI

  Let â„› be a commutative ring with unity and let ℬ be a unitary R-module. Let ℵ be a proper submodule of ℬ, ℵ is called semisecond submodule if for any r∈ℛ, r≠0, n∈Z_+, either rⁿℵ=0 or rⁿℵ=rℵ.

In this work, we introduce the concept of semisecond submodule and confer numerous properties concerning with this notion. Also we study semisecond modules as a popularization of second modules, where an ℛ-module ℬ is called semisecond, if ℬ is semisecond submodul of ℬ.

Let G be a finite group and X be a conjugacy class of order 3 in G. In this paper, we introduce a new type of graphs, namely A₄-graph of  G, as a simple graph denoted by A₄(G,X) which has X as a vertex set. Two vertices,  x and y, are adjacent if and only if  x≠y and  x y^-1=y x^-1. General properties  of the A₄-graph as well as the structure of A₄(G,X) when G@ ³D₄(2) will be studied.