BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of urinary bladder is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and constitutes a major health problem. Multiple risk factors are associated with this tumor and its prognosis will depend on different clinicopathological parameters. Over expression of P53 protein and mutant Rb gene is associated with more aggressive clinical and histopathological features of the tumor such as advanced stage and higher grade. AIM: The immunohistochemical expression of Rb gene and P53 gene will be assessed through their protein products in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder and then will be correlated with other well-known risk factors and prognostic parameters of bladder TCC, such as grading, tumor size, smoking, alcohol drinking, and family history. METHODS: Patients were recruited from the uro-surgical department/Surgical Subspecialties Teaching Hospital during the period from November 2020 through April 2021. In this study, patients enrolled were those suspected to have bladder carcinoma. The work up included a full history and clinical examination. Surgical samples were taken from the patients for histopathological evaluation; the study’s samples represented either endoscopic cup biopsy, transurethral resection of the tumor, or radical cystectomy. Sections obtained from these samples were stained with the conventional hematoxylin and eosin stain. Then, immunohistochemical staining for P53 and pRB was applied only for patients diagnosed with TCC. RESULTS: The differences between low-grade and high-grade tumors regarding pRb percentage score were statistically significant (p = 0.026), but were not significant regarding the intensity score (p = 0.094). There were significant correlations between tumor stage and both pRb intensity and percentage scores (p = 0.044 and 0.042, respectively). Differences between low-grade and high-grade tumors regarding p53 intensity score were significant (p = 0.022). The differences between low-grade and high-grade tumors regarding p53 percentage score were significant (p = 0.049). The differences between different tumor stages regarding p53 intensity score were significant (p = 0.018). The differences between different tumor stages regarding P53 percentage score were significant (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor’s grade was found to be correlated with the tumor stage with no correlation with the age, gender, smoking, family history of TCC, history of urinary tract infection, bladder stones, nor the recurrence of the tumor. The pRb intensity and the percentage scores were correlated to each other and to tumor’s grade and stage, except for the pRb intensity which showed no correlation with the tumor’s grade. The P53 intensity and percentage scores were correlated to each other and also to tumor’s grade and stage, so that P53 is over-expressed in tumors with higher grade and stage.
The present study is concerned with studying the effect of aquatic plant Hydrella vorticellata with the concentration of 10 and 20 gm/2 K gm soil on percentage and growth rate of germinating seeds of Hordeum vulgare and Vicia faba. More overs, the quantitative amount of NPK in both tested plants and Hydrella vorticellata, are estimated as an organic fertilizer. It has also been find the total number of root cells, the number of dividing cells, and stages of mitosis. The study reveales, that there are no significant differences between the concentration of hydrella used in germination percentage, growth rate, wet and dry weight. While there are differences in the plants containing NPK. The number of cells dividing stages and number of divid
... Show MoreRice is a major staple food for more than two thirds of the world population. Pathogenesis-related proteins-10 (PR10) have a range of 154 to 163 amino acid with molecular weight ~ 17 kDa. They are acidic and generally intracellular and cytosolic proteins accumulate in plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, a PR10 gene and its corresponding protein were characterized in O. sativa, O. barthii, O. glaberrima, O. glumipatula, O. meridionalis, O. nivara, O. rufipogon and O. punctata. The results revealed a narrow range of variation at both DNA and protein levels in all examined species except O. glumipatula. The latter showed a relatively
... Show MoreThe research (Virtual Reality Technology and its Uses in Industrial Product Design) is interested in the virtual reality technology used in the industrial product design and consequently knowing the functions achieved in the industrial product according to the data of that technology which participates in activating the mental and imaginary image of the user which show the parameters of the technical transformation of that product. The terms used in the research have been defined to guide the reader. The second chapter, the theoretical framework consisted of three sections the first is concerned with technology in the industrial design. The second is concerned with the virtual environment and the virtual reality. The thirds chapter consi
... Show MoreThe current research was aimed at the following:
1. Measurement of Personality Type Observer of the University students.
2. Identify the differences in Personality Type Observer among the University students according to variable of Sex (male / female). And according to variable of Specialization (scientific / literary)
3. Measurement of Withdrawal of the University students.
4. Identify the differences in Withdrawal among the University students according to variable of Sex (male / female). And according to variable of Specialization (scientific / literary).
5. Identify the relationship between Personality Type Observer and Withdrawal.
To achieve this aims of the research, the researchers set up the instrument is scale
The study was conducted to show the effect of using dried rumen powder as a source of animal protein in the diets of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) on its performance, in the fish laboratory/College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/University of Baghdad/ for a period of 70 d, 70 fingerlings were used with an average starting weight of 30±3 g, with a live mass rate of 202±2 g, randomly distributed among five treatments, two replicates for each treatment and seven fish for each replicate. Five diets of almost identical protein content and different percentages of addition of dried rumen powder were added. 25% was added to treatment T2 and 50% to treatment T3 and 75% of the treatment T4 and 100% of the treatment T5
... Show Morethe appearance and increasing of the young immigration within 2015, the researcher intuition as a mother and part of the society, and the role of the psychological attitude in enabling the individual to make decision, in the light of all the above come up the need for studying this problem.
The study aims at finding out:
1. The mental strain of the study sample.
2. The differences in mental strain of the study sample according to the gender, specification, the university, the study (private, not private), and if they have immigrated friends or relatives out of the Iraq.
3. The study sample attitudes towards immigration.
4. The study sample levels of attitudes towards immigration.
5. The differences in the sample attitud
The research deals with A very important two subjects, computer aided process planning (CAPP) and Quality of product with its dimintions which identified by the producer organization, the goal of the research is to Highlight and know the role of the CAPP technology to improve quality of the product of (rotor) in the engines factory in the general company for electrical industries, The research depends case study style by the direct visits of researcher to the work location to apply the operational paths generated by specialized computer program designed by researcher, and research divides into four axes, the first regard to the general structure of the research, the second to the theoretical review, the t
... Show MoreAutoría: Muwafaq Obayes Khudhair. Localización: Revista iberoamericana de psicología del ejercicio y el deporte. Nº. 6, 2022. Artículo de Revista en Dialnet.