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Immunohistochemical Expression of Retinoblastoma Gene Product and p53 Protein in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder and its Relationship to Different Clinicopathological Parameters
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BACKGROUND: Carcinoma of urinary bladder is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and constitutes a major health problem. Multiple risk factors are associated with this tumor and its prognosis will depend on different clinicopathological parameters. Over expression of P53 protein and mutant Rb gene is associated with more aggressive clinical and histopathological features of the tumor such as advanced stage and higher grade. AIM: The immunohistochemical expression of Rb gene and P53 gene will be assessed through their protein products in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder and then will be correlated with other well-known risk factors and prognostic parameters of bladder TCC, such as grading, tumor size, smoking, alcohol drinking, and family history. METHODS: Patients were recruited from the uro-surgical department/Surgical Subspecialties Teaching Hospital during the period from November 2020 through April 2021. In this study, patients enrolled were those suspected to have bladder carcinoma. The work up included a full history and clinical examination. Surgical samples were taken from the patients for histopathological evaluation; the study’s samples represented either endoscopic cup biopsy, transurethral resection of the tumor, or radical cystectomy. Sections obtained from these samples were stained with the conventional hematoxylin and eosin stain. Then, immunohistochemical staining for P53 and pRB was applied only for patients diagnosed with TCC. RESULTS: The differences between low-grade and high-grade tumors regarding pRb percentage score were statistically significant (p = 0.026), but were not significant regarding the intensity score (p = 0.094). There were significant correlations between tumor stage and both pRb intensity and percentage scores (p = 0.044 and 0.042, respectively). Differences between low-grade and high-grade tumors regarding p53 intensity score were significant (p = 0.022). The differences between low-grade and high-grade tumors regarding p53 percentage score were significant (p = 0.049). The differences between different tumor stages regarding p53 intensity score were significant (p = 0.018). The differences between different tumor stages regarding P53 percentage score were significant (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor’s grade was found to be correlated with the tumor stage with no correlation with the age, gender, smoking, family history of TCC, history of urinary tract infection, bladder stones, nor the recurrence of the tumor. The pRb intensity and the percentage scores were correlated to each other and to tumor’s grade and stage, except for the pRb intensity which showed no correlation with the tumor’s grade. The P53 intensity and percentage scores were correlated to each other and also to tumor’s grade and stage, so that P53 is over-expressed in tumors with higher grade and stage.

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Infection And Immunity
The Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis Preferentially Interacts with Oral Epithelial Cells in S Phase of the Cell Cycle
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ABSTRACT<p> <named-content content-type="genus-species">Porphyromonas gingivalis</named-content> , a key periodontal pathogen, is capable of invading a variety of cells, including oral keratinocytes, by exploiting host cell receptors, including alpha-5 beta-1 (α5β1) integrin. Previous studies have shown that <named-content content-type="genus-species">P. gingivalis</named-content> accelerates the cell cycle and prevents apoptosis of host cells, but it is not known whether the cell cycle phases influence bacterium-cell interactions. The cell cycle distribution of oral keratinocytes was characterized by flow cytometry and BrdU (5-bro</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
Annals Of R.s.c.b.
Multidrug Resistant Enteric Bacteria Isolated From Patients With Urinary Tract Infections
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Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), among a wide range of microbial infections, are of a double-edged worry with health-care and economic implications. They are serious diseases that can influence various parts of the urinary tract. The aim of this study was characterization of the enteric bacteria isolated from urine of human UTIs and studying their antimicrobial sensitivity. Materials and methods: A total of 50 urine samples were collected from patients with UTIs of both genders. The isolates identification was done using routine diagnostic methods and confirmed by Vitek2. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done against 10 antimicrobials. Results: Both genders of human were found to suffer from urinary tract problems

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Publication Date
Fri May 31 2024
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
The Relationship between Anemia and Bone Mineral Density Measured by Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry
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Background: The bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebra has been assessed according to the results of the Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Although anemia is known to affect bone mineral density, at the present time, it is not clear which vertebra is more affected by this disease. Objective: To evaluate the effects of anemia on the bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebra in comparison with a normal subject and determine which part of the lumbar vertebra is more affected by anemia. Methods: All 205 participants in this study complained of bone pain (90 males and 105 females). 95 patients, including both sexes, suffered from anemia. Additionally, the study included 110 seemingly healthy volunteers as the control group

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Natural And Applied Sciences Ural
Electron Microscope Study of Human Cerebral Cortex (Left Superior Temporal Gyrus), in Different Age Groups and Gender Electron Microscope Study of Human Cerebral Cortex (Left Superior Temporal Gyrus), in Different Age Groups and Gender
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Human cerebral cortex is the outer folded neuronal layer and represents major part of the cerebrum with enormous functions. It is a laminar structure, easily visualized grossly. Previous studies showed that the Superior Temporal gyrus is one of the thickest cerebral cortex regions, reaching (about 4 mm). The Electron microscope study was made on 6 samples taken to measure the neuronal soma dimension of the large pyramidal cells present in the internal pyramidal cortical layer V in different age groups and gender. Aging process was obvious on the large pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex, in which their neuronal soma dimensions showed shrinkage with age progression. But statistically there was no differences in the values between males an

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 14 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of Women's Self-care Instructions concerning Wound, Perineal & Urinary System Care post cesarean section in Baghdad teaching hospital
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Aim: to determine the effectiveness of women's self-care instructions on their post cesarean section care in Baghdad
teaching hospital.
Methodology: The present study used quasi-experimental study design in maternity words in Baghdad teaching
hospital. The sample was collected and follow up for the period (15) January 2014 until 15 May 2014 Nonprobability
(purposive sample) of (100) women post cesarean section divided in to two groups (50) women post
cesarean section considered as a study group, and another (50) women post cesarean section considered as the
control one, A questionnaire designed as a tool to collect data fit the purpose of the study a questionnaire include
demographic variables, Reproductive variables

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Relational leadership and its effect on organizational energy (A comparative study in the Rafidain and Rashid banks)
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This research aims to test the relationship between "relational leadership as an independent variable and organizational energy as a dependent variable. The current research variables are among the recent and important variables for the development of organizations, and for the purpose of explaining the relationship and influence between the variables, a set of goals has been formulated, including providing the interested and scientific and theoretical information explaining the nature of the variables The research, and the extent to which its causes are reflected in the research sample to increase the interest of the research organization’s organization and make it more appropriate to the required performance in light of a cha

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 07 2021
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology
Thyroid Carcinoma Patients Correlated With Cytomegalovirus by using Insitu Hybridization
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2022
Journal Name
Eurasian Journalof History, Geography And Economics
Effect of Oil Prices Fluctuations on Agricultural Gross Domestic Product in Iraq: Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach
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The research dealt with the analysis of the relations between the GDP of the agricultural sector in Iraq, oil prices, the exchange rate and the GDP both on the short term and long term. The research adopted data analysis for the period from 1980-2019 using the ARDL model. the results indicate the existence of long-term relationships between oil prices and the prices of each agricultural commodity at a significance level of 5%. Also, oil prices have a negative consequence on agricultural production in Iraq, and the Iraqi economy is a rentier economy that depends mainly on oil as a source of income and budget financing.

Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The Effect of SOLO and Sodium Hypochlorite Disinfectant on Some Properties of Different Types of Dental Stone
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Dental casts come into direct contact with impression materials and other items that are contaminated by saliva and blood from a patient's mouth, leaving the casts susceptible to cross-contamination. The disinfectant solutions of the impression materials cause various adverse reactions. Therefore, disinfection of dental casts may be effective in preventing cross infection. This study was carried out to evaluate the surface hardness, dimensional accuracy, reproduction of details and surface porosity of type III, type IV and type IV extra hard dental stone after immersion in and spray by using SOLO and Sodium hypochlorite disinfectant solutions. Materials and methods: 240 Stone samples were prepared in rubber rings, A total of 60 test block w

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 08 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation of Different Nitrogen Management on Yield and Some of the Yield Components of Rice (Shiroudi cultivar)
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Nitrogen (N) is a key growth and yield-limiting factor in cultivated rice areas. This study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of different conditions of N application on rice yield and yield components (Shiroudi cultivar) in Babol (Mazandaran, Iran) during the 2015- 2016 season. A factorial experiment executed of a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) used in three iterations. In the first factor, treatments were four N amounts (including 50, 90, 130, and 170 kg N ha-1), while in the second factor, the treatments consisted of four different fertilizer splitting methods, including T1:70 % at the basal stage + 30 % at the maximum tillering stage, T2:1/3 at the basal stage + 1/3 at the maximum ti

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