Abstract:
Saudi Arabia and United States long relation could present an important
subject to understand alliance kind in international relations types. We trying
in this study to diagnose and analyze the Saudi Arabia and United States
model to find balance and unbalance statues and its influence on the
directions of Saudi Arabia foreign policy positions.
We divided the study in two parts, each part have many sections. The
first part deal with the historian emergence of Saudi Arabia state and its
development in three stages including its foreign relations with regions and
international powers. While the second part was dedicated in analyzing and
understanding the mechanism and active facts that drawing the Sa

The current research aims to determine the requirements of Trends of International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS 2019) and to find out the extent to which the content of science textbooks for grades (1-4) in the Sultanate of Oman includes the requirements of (TIMSS 2019). Only the Cognitive Process dimension has been considered when conducting the analysis. The study population includes all science books from the first to the fourth grade for the academic year 2021-2022. The study identified and organized the requirements in the study tool, which is a list of requirements of (TIMSS 2019). After confirming its validity and reliability, the analysis was performed, and data were collected and analyzed statistically using frequencies

Baghdad, one of Iraq’s most crowded cities, faces severe air pollution caused by rapid population growth, dense traffic, and limited green spaces. Monitoring at five sites in Al-Rusafa during 2024–2025 showed that pollutant levels, especially PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, and TSP, exceed national and global limits. The most polluted areas lacked vegetation and had heavy traffic, while greener zones showed lower concentrations. Seasonal variations were evident: winter had the highest pollution, summer the lowest but with greater plant stress. Ascorbic acid and the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) proved reliable indicators of plant resistance. Overall, the study confirms plants’ role as effective bio monitors and stresses the need f

Introduction: We aimed to assess the impact of adhesive and wires types on the tensile bond strength of fixed lingual retainers. Methods: A total of 160 intact bovine teeth were collected, cleaned, stored in 25% sodium hypochlorite, and randomly assigned to two groups based on the adhesive type: a two-step adhesive and a one-step adhesive. Each group was further divided into four subgroups based on the type of lingual retainer wire, which included (A) 8-strand braided stainless steel wire, (B) three-strand titanium retainer wire, (C) stainless steel chain, and (D) fiber-reinforced retainer. A tensile bond strength test was conducted using a universal testing machine at a controlled speed of 10 mm/min. Result: The 8-strand braided stainles

The research aims to answer the questions that revolve in the mind of mankind about how to create creation, how it existed prior to creation, who created existence, and the characteristics of that presence. The researcher also wanted to show that the culture of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) In the book of Adam, peace be upon him, God has punished Adam (peace be upon him) for not having sinned. Because his wife is the one who fed him the fruit of the tree, and this is contrary to what was stated in the sermon of Imam (peace be upon him) who Z Adam (peace be upon him) is the one who trusted Satan and Gwighth.

We note that the approach of the rhetoric has pointed to the creation of angels and did not refer to

The research aims to answer the questions that revolve in the mind of mankind about how to create creation, how it existed prior to creation, who created existence, and the characteristics of that presence. The researcher also wanted to show that the culture of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) In the book of Adam, peace be upon him, God has punished Adam (peace be upon him) for not having sinned. Because his wife is the one who fed him the fruit of the tree, and this is contrary to what was stated in the sermon of Imam (peace be upon him) who Z Adam (peace be upon him) is the one who trusted Satan and Gwighth.We note that the approach of the rhetoric has pointed to the creation of angels and did not refer to the creation of Eve and the class

Background: obesity is a major global health problem with more than 200 million obese men and almost 300 million obese women. Melatonin is a well-known molecule for its involvement in circadian rhythm regulation and has multiple pathological actions including control of appetite, sleep wake cycle and metabolic syndrome.

Aim: to estimate the effect of melatonin supplements on obese patients on a calorie restricted diet in comparison to patients on lifestyle measures only in the form of weight loss, waist circumference and sleep quality.

Subjects and Method: one hundred patients with body mass index > 24 were collected, fifty patients were starte