Throughout Agriculture has mostly relied on the use of natural fertilizers throughout human history, which are compounds that increase the nitrogen levels in the soil. Modern agriculture was made possible by the introduction of synthetic fertilizers at the end of the 19th centuryproduction of agriculture. Their application enhanced crop yields and sparked an agricultural revolution unlike anything the world had ever seen.In the near future, synthetic fertilizers are anticipated to continue to have a significant impa ct on human life, both positively and negatively. They are frequently utilized for producing all t ypes of crops and are essential to plant growth. The significance of synthetic fertilizers is their ability to provide the soil with precise amounts o f constant nutrients.They have an instantaneous impact on the soil, as opposed to organic fertiliz ers, which must decompose before being absorbed. Particularly helpful to plants that are dying o r extremely starved is its immediate efficacy. Despite these advantages of synthetic fertilizers, th ere are also drawbacks, such as the destruction of helpful soil bacteria that turning dead plants and animals into nutrient-rich organic materials. nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium-based synthetic fertilizers leach into groundwater, increasing their toxicity resulting in the polluting of water. When fertilizers spill into streams, rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water, aquatic ecosystems are affected. The nitrate content of soil rises as a result of synthetic fertilizers. Methaeglobinaemia is brought by these harmful nitrites harming the vascular and respiratory systems, resulting in suffocation and, in severe cases, death, and reacting with the hemoglobin in the blood. (when blood methaemoglobin level is 80 percent or more) Plants that thrive in excessively fertilized soil lack iron, zinc, carotene, vitamin C, copper, and protein. In spite of that synthetic fertilizers can yield results remarkably quickly The indiscriminate and unchecked use of these synthetic substances might result in fertilizer pollution in your garden or at industrial farms where growth equals profit
In the presence of multi-collinearity problem, the parameter estimation method based on the ordinary least squares procedure is unsatisfactory. In 1970, Hoerl and Kennard insert analternative method labeled as estimator of ridge regression.
In such estimator, ridge parameter plays an important role in estimation. Various methods were proposed by many statisticians to select the biasing constant (ridge parameter). Another popular method that is used to deal with the multi-collinearity problem is the principal component method. In this paper,we employ the simulation technique to compare the performance of principal component estimator with some types of ordinary ridge regression estimators based on the value of t
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This paper proposes a new algorithm (F2SE) and algorithm (Alg(n – 1)) for solving the
two-machine flow shop problem with the objective of minimizing total earliness. This
complexity result leads us to use an enumeration solution approach for the algorithm (F2SE)
and (DM) is more effective than algorithm Alg( n – 1) to obtain approximate solution.
A series of new maleimide monomers substituted with Schiff base moieties were synthesized via acid-catalyzed condensation of 3-(N-maleimidyl)phenyl hydrazide with aromatic aldehydes and ketones. The newly synthesized monomers were introduced in free radical chain growth homopolymerization producing five new polymaleimides with pendent Schiff base moieties .The new monomers were introduced also in free radical chain growth copolymerization with acrylonitrile producing new five copolymaleimides containing pendent Schiff base moieties. The new homopolymers and copolymers are of great importance since incorporation of bulky Schiff base moieties in their repeating units exhibit them better solubility and processing properties which made them
... Show MoreThe dangers of (Israel's) integration with Arab countries in the middle east region will threaten the Arab security structure dimension, which the latter makes the Arab regional system vulnerable for distortion due to its nominal and symbolic value which is far from the Arab self and questioning with its effectiveness in comparing with the real capabilities to Arab countries in achieving the common targets. So, how to assess the different problems that began to hit the structure of the Arab regional system? and how to pledge an allegiance after putting forward what is known as the American Deal of the Century for the administration of former US President Donald Trump for making another step toward normalization with (Israel)?. The reveal
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Comparative study on tb.e activity of phospholipase enzyme which is produced by yeastآ cum/ida albicansآ آ into different culture media that contain phospholipids as substrates. The agar containing substrate (L-aآ phosphatidyl inositol) was used .
The agar containing lecithin as other substrate for comparision was also
used.
The second culture media was found the best for enzyme activity which
was measured by precipitation zone .
This research sheds light on those discrepancies in the use of ornaments, adornment and perfumes, as well as the art of cosmetics, in two important civilizations, namely, the Mesopotamian civilization as the earlier civilization, and the civilization of Yemen, which represents the first Arab civilization. Through the foregoing, our research includes two topics, the first topic included the history of the use of decorations, ornaments and perfumes in the civilization of Mesopotamia, while the second topic included the study of ornaments, adornment and cosmetic art in the ancient civilization of Yemen. And then the research came out with a number of conclusions that the researcher considers very important to highlight the differences and f
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The research aims to monitor environmental changes and study the state of desertification in the northeastern part of the Al-Najaf province, Iraq. The study area suffers from desertification and drought phenomena. Remote sensing systems "RS" and geographic information systems "GIS" are essential for monitoring environmental changes because they provide Earth observation satellites that contribute to detecting environmental changes. Two Sentinel 2 images were acquired on December 26, 2015, and November 29, 2021. The images were combined and used for indices calculations. Normalized vegetation difference index "NDVI,” Normalized difference index "NDWI," soil exposure index "BSI," and Normalized difference index "NDBI." The resul
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Ground-based active optical sensors (GBAOS) have been successfully used in agriculture to predict crop yield potential (YP) early in the season and to improvise N rates for optimal crop yield. However, the models were found weak or inconsistent due to environmental variation especially rainfall. The objectives of the study were to evaluate if GBAOS could predict YP across multiple locations, soil types, cultivation systems, and rainfall differences. This study was carried from 2011 to 2013 on corn (Zea mays L.) in North Dakota, and in 2017 in potatoes in Maine. Six N rates were used on 50 sites in North Dakota and 12 N rates on two sites, one dryland and one irrigated, in Maine. Two active GBAOS used for this study were GreenSeeker and Holl
... Show MoreThis paper includes the application of Queuing theory with of Particle swarm algorithm or is called (Intelligence swarm) to solve the problem of The queues and developed for General commission for taxes /branch Karkh center in the service stage of the Department of calculators composed of six employees , and it was chosen queuing model is a single-service channel M / M / 1 according to the nature of the circuit work mentioned above and it will be divided according to the letters system for each employee, and it was composed of data collection times (arrival time , service time, departure time)
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