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Reaction paths and transition states of the C-C and C-H bond cleavage in the aromatic anthracene and phenanthrene molecules
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The reaction paths of the C-C and C-H bond cleavage in the anthracene and phenanthrene aromatic molecules are studied by applying the ab-initio DFT method. It is found that the C-C bond cleavage proceeds via a singlet aromatic transition state, compelled through a disrotatoric ring opening reaction. A suprafacial H atom shift follows the transition state, leading to the formation of a methylene -CH2 and an acetylenic or allenic moiety. The calculated activation energies for anthracene range from 158.81-208.90 kcal/mol and the reaction energies from 96.106-156.976 kcal/mol. For phenanthrene, the energy values are 157.39-202.34 kcal/mol and 62.639-182.423 kcal/mol, respectively. For the C-H cleavage reactions, the calculated reaction energies for all C-H bonds in both molecules are almost similar, 116-117 kcal/mol. The activation energy values for anthracene and phenanthreneare 149.75-161.27 and 161.24-163.00 kcal/mol, respectively.

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Populism in the Palestinian political discourse The Fatah and Hamas movements are a model
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Receipt Date:10/11/2021 Acceptance Date:29/12/2021 Publication Date:31/12/2021

Creative Commons LicenseThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The study aimed to clarify the conceptual explanations and the theoretical rooting of the concept of the populist phenomenon. And explore the political and cultural implications and connotations contained in populist political discourse. And to stand on the foundations and meanings on w

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 11 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Domestic Violence and Extremism among the Young: A Field Study in the Madain Region
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Young people represent the power and cornerstone of societies and their superiority is linked to their well-being. Their empowerment is as essential as the heart to the body, if it is corrupt, then the whole body is corrupt, and vice versa. The exposure to extremism and pressure from their families leads to violent acts and crimes for obtaining money through unknown organized bodies. This will drive them to fail in their life in an attempt to fulfill their most basic needs, which they have been deprived of by their families, the government, and other institutions. Therefore, governments should provide job opportunities for young people and provide entertainment centers, sports clubs, and family education centers that raise awareness of s

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Risks That Facing Tourism And The Managing Methods In The contemporary Challenges Theoretical study
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Tourist business organizations face a challenging and the risks dynamic environment reflected its impact on the community and generate extra under pressure in the responsibilities and burdens of exceptional and affected much of factors, accidents and risks as a result of the actions and attitudes of disasters variety may exceed the geography of States border, which requires the absorption of risks facing the tourism and how to manage and deal with them scientific and reasonable grounds for the diagnosis and treatment of risk and how to reduce the aggravation and the different kinds.

As risks affecting the most important and vital to organizations as a tourist aspects of the market share and styles tourist

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 06 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Professional Business Review
The Relationship Between Audit Services and Non-Audit Actuarial Services in the Auditor’s Report
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Purpose: In view of the trend toward using international financial reporting standards when generating financial statements, we looked at the interaction between audit services and non-audit services for auditors in the context of actuarial services for insurance firms. CPAs are authorized to work in banks and insurance businesses, but those with a practicing license obtained after earning a higher academic degree are not. Design/methodology/approach: A small number of auditing firms control the decisions issued by the Iraqi Accountants Association, monopolizing audit services in banks and insurance businesses. In the case of actuarial services used in reserve estimation, they are credited to an external party's account withou

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The secondary vocational education and labor market requirements in Iraq (the period after 2003(
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Vocational education has great importance to comprehensive national development as it provides intermediate cadres able of operating the factories and laboratories in the farms and fields beside the work in the fields of health, service, administration and commercial. Due to the importance of this type of education in society, it is necessary to do a qualitative reform of vocational education in order to make the educational staffs get the necessary basic expertise to adapt the requirements of the labor market and try to rearrange and organize the workforce through put long-term economic and social policy through certain planning open to the workforce. The workforces structure according to gradual expansion in all the national ec

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 20 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Floors and transparent role in the design studios satellite channels: وسام صالح حمد
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The search (floors and transparent role in the design studios satellite channels) and presented as a study-oriented, and the research aims to identify the role of flooring transparent spaces studios satellite channels and side performative and aesthetic, and formulas design to highlight the role floors transparent spaces studios satellite channels. And highlight the importance of research, particularly in its contribution to the clarification of the concept of the relationship between transparency and performing aesthetic treatments for floors by clarifying its role in the designs of the internal spaces of the studios, as well as his contribution to the founding of the theory of looking at the base of such concepts. To achieve the object

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 25 2019
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Aesthetic Discourse of the Pop Artists and its Representations in the Output of Students of the Department of Art Education: هند عبدالله عبد
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The emergence of artistic movements in Western countries was after the period of modernity. They have introduced a great dialectical problem at the level of thought and discourse, which necessitated a change in the course of the aesthetic discourse into new visions. Thus, the present research aims to identify the aesthetic discourse of pop artists' Art and its representations in the outputs of the students of the Department of Art Education. The theoretical framework included two sections: the first one, what is the aesthetic discourse and the second is the educational bases of the students' outputs. The procedures of the current research included the analytical descriptive approach. The research sample consisted of (4) outputs chosen ac

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of wages and benefits systems on the performance of employees A field study in the General Company for Food Industries in the city of Baghdad
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The research aims to find out the impact of wages and benefits systems on the performance of employees, which included the research community on a sample of employees in the company, and the sample consisted of (50) employees and an employee, A questionnaire composed as prepared (23) paragraph, use the promised statistically methods in data collected by the questionnaire analysis. The research reached a number of results, the most prominent of which were: There is a correlation between wage systems, benefits and performance of employees, and the presence of the impact of the systems of wages and benefits to the performance of employees. The research was presented a set of recommendations including: increasing the effectiveness of

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 28 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Level of Aligning Scientific Research in Omani Universities with the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the Light of Oman’s 2040 vision and the Ways of its Development
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The current research aims to reveal the reality of coping the scientific research in Omani universities in the Sultanate of Oman with the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the light of Oman’s 2040 vision. It also aims derive some suggestions to develop the scientific research in these institutions. The study has adopted a qualitative approach in which interviews were conducted. The sample consisted of (16) leaders of governmental and private higher education institutions, as well as, some experts in the field of Fourth Industrial Revolution. The theoretical significance of the study is represented by its response to Oman’s vison in 2040. It is further in line with the previous international reports and educational s

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 20 2025
Journal Name
Al-fatih Journal
Development of explosive power training with weights in a way the ups and downs and its impact on the improvement of some variables Albyukinmetekih and technical performance of the skill of a leap forward on your hands vaulting modern
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