Pultruded materials made of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) come in a broad range of shapes, such as bars, I-sections, C-sections, etc. FRP materials are starting to compete with steel as structural materials owing to their great resistance, low self-weight, and cheap maintenance costs, especially in corrosive conditions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel concrete Composite Column (CC) using Encased I-Section (EIS) as a reinforcement in contrast to traditional steel bars by using Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) as I-section (CC-EIS) to evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid columns which have been built by combining GFRP profiles with concrete columns. To achieve the aims of this study, nine circular columns with a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 1000 mm were cast with compression strength equal to 42.4 MPa at the test day. The research involved three different types of reinforcement: Hybrid circular columns with GFRP I-section and 1% reinforcement ratio of steel bars, Hybrid circular columns with steel I-section and 1% reinforcement ratio of steel bars (the cross-section area of the I-section was the same for GFRP and for steel), and a reference column without an I-section. This study investigates the ultimate capacity, axial and lateral deformation, and failure mode of the circular columns under different loading conditions: concentric, eccentric (with eccentricities of 25 mm), and flexural loading. The results showed that the ultimate capacity of the composite columns using either encased steel I-section or GFRP I-section was higher than the traditional columns under all loading conditions. The concentric tested specimens, with steel I-section and with GFRP I-section, exceeded the ultimate strength of the reference specimen by 8.9% and 2.9%, respectively. Specimens with steel I-section and GFRP I-section achieved 11.9% and 9.7% higher ultimate strength than the reference specimens under a compression load of 25 mm eccentricity. Specimens with steel I-section and the specimens with GFRP I-section achieved ultimate strengths of 114.3% and 36.6% under flexural loading testing.
Huwaiza marsh is considered the largest marsh in the southern part of Iraq. It is located between 31° and 31.75° latitude and extends over the Iraqi-Iranian border; but the largest part lies in Iraq. It is located to the east of Tigris River in Messan and Basra governorates.
In this research, the variation of some water quality parameters at different locations of Huwaiza marsh were studied to find out its efficacy in the treatment of the contamination coming from the wastewater outfall of Kahlaa brokendown sewage treatment plant which lies on the Kahlaa River. This rive is the main feeder of Huwaiza marsh. Ten water quality sampling locations were chosen in this marsh. The water samples were taken during 2009 for three months; Janu
Abstract The League of Arab States took many procedures against the Syrian political system, like suspended Syria's membership in the League of Arab States and sent a team of Arab observers headed by Dabi to discuss the situation there and issued some decisions and statements that called the Syrian regime to stop the use of violence and repression against the Syrian opposition.Through these steps, the Arab League has tried to help the Syrian parties to resolve the crisis. However, the role of the league in the Syrian crisis was characterized by weakness in general, and lack of seriousness, which contributed in the aggravation of the situation in Syria, and the intervention of major powers in the internal affairs of Syria.
The micronucleated erythrocytes in fish was used to detect water pollution by genotoxic agents. Fish belonging to different species were collected from three regions from Baghdad during three months (December/2000,January and February/2001 ).The micronucleated erythrocytes was observed in all the specimens. It was concluded that the genotoxic activity' in one region was less than in die other two regions.?
Balad –Rooz is considered as one of the endemic foci of Schistosomiasisin Iraq.A survey was performed during the first three months of 2002 in fewprimary schools in Balad –Rooz to assess the prevalence among them.
The Industrial Banks in most countries in the world plays an essential and vital role in developing the industrial sector due to its effective importance in the economic and social development. The research aims to study the ability of the Industrial Bank of Iraq to the growth and development of the mixed industrial sector companies through loans granted to them. In addition, the research seeks to study credit policies pursued by the Industrial Bank of Iraq to finance the mixed industrial sector companies. The data of the research has been collected from the financial statements of the Industrial Banks of Iraq for the period 2007-2011, and by means of questionnaire distributed to a sample of the mixed industrial sector companies in
... Show Moregenerator the metal conductor is replaced by conducting gas plasma.
Investigation of the adsorption of acid fuchsin dye (AFD) on Zeolite 5A is carried out using batch scale experiments according to statistical design. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics were demonstrated. Results showed that the maximum removal efficiency was using zeolite at a temperature of 93.68751 mg/g. Experimental data was found to fit the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetics with maximum removal of about 95%. Thermodynamic analysis showed an endothermic adsorption. Optimization was made for the most affecting operating variables and a model equation for the predicted efficiency was suggested.
The paper presents the results of precise of the calculations of the diffusion of slow electrons in ionospheric gases, such as, (Argon – Hydrogen mixture, pure Nitrogen and Argon – Helium – Nitrogen) in the presence of a uniform electric field and temperature 300 Kelvin. Such calculations lead to the value Townsend's energy coefficient (KT) as a function of E/P (electric field strength/gas pressure), electric field (E), electric drift velocity (Vd), momentum transfer collision frequency ( ), energy exchange collision frequency ( ) and characteristic energy (D/?). The following physical quantities are deduced as function s E/P: mean free path of the electrons at unit pressure, mean energy lost by an electron per collision, mean velocit
... Show MoreThis work includes a detailed description of the Leucostoma nigricorpuris sp. nov. from
Iraq. Locality, host plants and data of collection were given.