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إمكانية استخدام الغاز الحيوي لإنتاج الطاقة الكهربائية من مصافي المياه العادمة في جنوب بغداد
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يهدف البحث إلى تحليل إمكانية استثمار الغاز الحيوي الناتج من مشاريع تصفية المياه العادمة في جنوب بغداد بوصفه مصدرًا متجددًا لإنتاج الطاقة الكهربائية ، مع التركيز على غاز الميثان بوصفه المكوّن الرئيس ذي القيمة الحرارية العالية . اعتمدت الدراسة على القياسات الميدانية لتراكيز غاز الميثان في مشروعي الرستمية والكرخ الرئيسية خلال فصلي الشتاء والصيف ، مع مقارنة القراءات بين مراحل المعالجة المختلفة، ابتداءً من المعالجة التمهيدية وصولًا إلى المعالجة المتقدمة . أظهرت النتائج وجود تراكيز مرتفعة لغاز الميثان تجاوزت المحددات العالمية ، مع تسجيل أعلى القيم في مراحل المعالجة التمهيدية والأولية ، ولاسيما خلال فصل الصيف ، مما يشير إلى أن هذه المراحل تمثل المصدر الرئيس لانبعاث الغاز الحيوي . كما بيّن التحليل الإحصائي وجود تباين فصلي واضح ، إذ سجلت تراكيز الغاز متوسطات أعلى في فصل الصيف مقارنة بفصل الشتاء ، ويُعزى ذلك إلى تأثير ارتفاع درجات الحرارة في زيادة نشاط عمليات التحلل اللاهوائي للمواد العضوية . واعتمادًا على التقديرات التقريبية، أظهرت الدراسة أن تجميع نحو100 م³ يوميًا من الغاز الحيوي يمكن أن يسهم في إنتاج ما يقارب200 كيلوواط/ساعة يوميًا من الطاقة الكهربائية ، الأمر الذي يعكس جدوى اقتصادية وبيئية واضحة في تشغيل أجزاء من منظومة مشاريع التصفية وتقليل الاعتماد على مصادر الطاقة التقليدية . وتوصلت الدراسة إلى إمكانية استثمار الغاز الحيوي باستخدام تقنيات تحويل الطاقة ، مثل محركات الاحتراق الداخلي وخلايا الوقود ، بما يسهم في خفض الانبعاثات الغازية وتقليل كلف التشغيل ، فضلًا عن تعزيز توجهات الاستدامة البيئية والطاقة المتجددة في منطقة الدراسة .

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