Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collection of chronic, recurrent inflammatory illnesses of the gastrointestinal system, including Crohn's disease (CD). Infliximab is one of the biological medications used to treat CD. Therapeutic drug monitoring has evolved as a treatment in IBD, aiming to optimize benefit while meeting more demanding, objective end criteria. Objective: To determine the achievement of target trough level (TL), develop anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) to infliximab, assess response to therapy, and study TL relations with different variables. Methods: The present study was cross-sectional and conducted from May 2022 to November 2022. It included 40 CD patients allotted into 2 groups: group 1 patients achieved the TL target, and group 2 patients did not achieve the TL target. Results: Twenty-two patients achieved target TL, while 18 patients did not. Dose escalation is recommended for 11 patients, switching therapy for 15 patients, and continuing the same dosage regimen for 14 patients. In addition, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, serum calprotectin and ADAs were significantly lower in patients who achieved target infliximab TL. Only serum calprotectin can be used to predict the achievement of the target TL of infliximab. Conclusions: Therapeutic drug monitoring of infliximab to determine the TL and ADAs can help to explain why some patients do not respond to this drug. Serum calprotectin may be used as a novel marker to predict the TL and response to infliximab.
The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture University of Ain Shams-Egypt, from January to March 2008, to study the effect of different levels of chromium yeast (Cr-yeast) on broiler chickens performance, carcass quality and enzyme activity through 35 days of experimental periods. A total of 450 one-day old unsexed chickens (Cobb) strain were used. The birds were randomly allocated to five treatments with 3 replicates each. The treatments were control (T1) without supplementation and T2, T3, T4 and T5 which were supplemented with 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg Cr-yeast /kg diet, respectively. Live body weight and weight gain were significantly (p<0.05) higher when Cr-yeast were supplemented at 1 (T3), 1.5 (T4) and 2 (T5) mg/kg diet. Fe
... Show MoreThe work in this research presents an experimental and a theoretical study to obtain the effect of using a low permeability geosynthetic material on the longitudinal and lateral coefficients of dispersion. This would have its effect on the contaminants migration through an isotropic, homogenous and saturated soil. The first stage of this research involves the study of the geosynthetic material and in calculating the longitudinal and lateral coefficients of dispersion for an Iraqi sandy soil by using an experimental set-up to simulate the processes. To investigate the effect of using a geosynethtic material on the dispersion coefficients, the test was conducted for each velocity that was used in the experimental work and as follows: with
... Show Moreيشكل السياق جانبا مهماً في فهم الخطاب والمقصود هنا العرض المسرحي، من خلال ما يمده السياق للمتلقي من مؤشرات، يتم الاعتماد عليها في استكمال المعنى الظاهر بالمعنى المستتر، فالسياق يعتمد في الاصل على المحيط المادي الاجتماعي الذي يتم فيه التواصل وفيه يتعرف المرسل والمتلقي أحدهما على الآخر وتتبلور الصورة التي يحملها الطرفان أحدهما عن الآخر، الى جانب كونه يمثل الاحداث التي سبق لهما أن عاشاها والتبادل القولي
... Show MoreSince its inception, the theatrical performance has been based on the principle of permanence, continuity, renewal and innovation in the structure of its visual elements. These innovations and the effectiveness of continuity cannot be achieved without searching for everything that is new and different at the level (form and content) in order to create an image with innovative and effective features in the theatrical discourse, and from Among the elements of the theatrical performance (theatrical costumes) that have been subject to variation since the beginning of the theater until now, and for this purpose, the current research was conducted with the question of the research problem: What are the variations of costumes in the contemporar
... Show MoreCorruption is one of the barriers to economic growth and investment opportunities, and after the most serious security and stability, that corruption plagued the Iraqi economy is striking and has roots since the eighties of the last century to the present day.
The study aimed to identify practical impact of corruption on investment in the Iraqi economy and revealed the possibilities and obstacles to investment in Iraq and clarify the investment opportunities at the level of Iraq and the impact of corruption on investments.
The focus will be on the statement of the extent of corruption and investment in Iraq and the adoption of the style of economic measurement using cross-section
... Show MoreThe Colour is one of important aspect of human activity, especially in General arts and press, and also is one of the essential elements to achieve and build the idea of design technology in the appropriate places, according to the space of designs work.
In a view of the colour and its relationship with the Semiotics, we can find that the objectives goals at the point of visual formats that’s «oral or written”. In last years, the intellectual concerns of Semiotics through eye contact methods, that’s meaning contact methods for get messages of sense of sight.
The semiotics term Can be defined into: (the sequential feature or network system has relations according agreed language rules, in a particular environment, also is a g
The title takes its realistic connotations with its symbols, slogans and historical extensions in Iraq, also, the repercussions of the organic crisis that afflicted it for almost half a century, especially after the abortion of the July 14 Revolution and the spread of the culture of weapons, violence and death that we are living in Iraq nowadays.
The topic is suitable for critical analytical studies carried out by specialists in scientific and academic research centers and cultural institutions because they have an important feasibility at the strategic cultural level in Iraq, the Middle East and the world.
Research in Iraq has fallen to the extreme and is no longer effective, to the extent that it represents a severe cri
... Show MoreThe international order have been changed during the modern and contemporary history, and however those changing in international order doesn't go to beyond several concepts such as " balance of power";" conflict"; "power" and " threaten", which all those are depending on the fundamentals or basic terms which was called " power" or" hard power". In this time, we can say that the political relations among the effective units could be analyzed according to the concept of " balance of threaten" instead of the classic concept which had called " balance of power" that the scholars used to describe the international relations . In conclusion , the concept of " balance of threaten" has a significant importance in the studies of the internationa
... Show MoreThe objective of this investigation was to study the effects of amixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal species : Glomus etunicatum , G. leptotichum and Rhizophagus intraradices on the induced resistance of Lycopersicon esculentum roots infected with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici which is causal agent of wilt in the presence of organic matter peatmose (O). The work was achieved in aplastic house ( Shed) using pot culture planted for 10 weeks. Results indicated significant increase of all mycorrhizal colonization parameters ( F% , M% , m% , a% , A% ) . Highest percentage of mycorrhization was detected in roots infected with the pathogen 4 weeks after mycorrhizal colonization . On the other hand least colonization was shown in the dual
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