ntroduction. Finding a safe innate immune response stimulator is one of the greatest challenges facing immunologists and vaccine manufacturers. Gap statement. The role of sterile bacterial secretions (SBSs) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in stimulating the innate immune response was not investigated previously. Aim. The comparative effect of SBSs and bacterial cells of P. aeruginosa isolates isolated from freshwater (PAE) and infected wounds (PAC) on the respiratory tract innate immune response. Methodology. Four test mice groups were instilled intranasally (i.n.) with 106 c.f.u of PAC, 106 c.f.u of PAE, SBS of PAC, and SBS of PAE. Two control groups were given i.n. either LB broth or PBS. Time-course changes in IL-1 beta mRNA, TNF-alpha mRNA, IL-1β and TNF-α, leukocyte count, bacterial uptake, and intracellular bacterial killing by mouse alveolar macrophages (AMs) and histological changes were examined. Lung bacterial burdens were counted in first and second test groups. Results. The maximum level of IL-1β was seen as early as 2 h (1360±180 pg ml−1) post-instillation (i.n.) with SBS of PAC and 1 h (1910±244 pgml−1) post-instillation with SBS of PAE. The maximum level of TNF-α was seen as early as 4 h (953±192 pg ml−1) post-instillation with SBS of PAC and (1197±298 pg ml−1) post-instillation with SBS of PAE. These values were almost in line with IL-1β and TNF-α gene expression. Moderate infiltration of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung sections and moderate activity of AMs (bacterial uptake and bacterial killing) were observed. The above innate immune response parameters in mice instilled i.n. with PAC and PAE were higher (P<0.05) than in the mice groups instilled i.n. with SBSs. The PAC was persistent in the lungs of mice for up to 72 h (3.5±0.22 log10 of c.f.u. g−1) and up to 48 h (2.05±0.21 log10 of c.f.u. g−1) for PAE. Conclusion. The administration of mice with SBS i.n. stimulates cellular and molecular arms of the innate immune response in the respiratory tract, opening the door to the possibility of using SBS of P. aeruginosa as an adjuvant.
The introduction to the research included a presentation of some physical characteristics and their importance in sports, including the speed of kinesthetic response response and the extent of its usefulness and importance, especially for soccer goalkeepers, as it is the most important element that goalkeepers must have, and it is also the main key to the excellence and development of all physical and kinesthetic response qualities and skills of a goalkeeper. Football. The speed of kinesthetic response response and reaction is one of the requirements of the game of football, as well as all other sports and even in general professional life. Its importance is highlighted for the football goalkeeper, so he must master it perfectly to perform
... Show MoreThe numerical response of Chrysoperla mutata MacLachlan was achieved by exposing the larvae of the predators to various densities of dubas nymphs Ommatissus lybicus DeBerg. Survival rate of predators’ larvae and adults emergence increased with increasing consumption . Repriductive response of predator was highly correlated with the amount of food consumed (+0.996).
Local food samples investigated for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Hash meat sample was used to isolate Escherichia coli and chicken meat (poultry) was used to isolate Salmonella typhi. Biochemical tests and API20E system used in order to identify these isolates. Two natural vinegar samples (dates & apple cider) were used in order to study its antibacterial activity against the two tested bacteria. Disc diffusion method was used, the results showed that two vinegar samples have antibacterial activity against the two tested bacteria. Date vinegar showed inhibition zone 19mm against E. coli & 9mm against S. typhi, while Apple cider vinegar showed diameter of inhibi
... Show MoreThe objective of this study is to determine the sources of growth of the cement industry in Iraq for the period 1990-2014 and to indicate the nature of the technological progress used in it. To achieve this objective we have built an econometric model, by adapting the production function constant elasticity for substitution, using multiple regression, and enforcement, SPSS program, and using the ordinary least squares method (OLS). The results showed that quantitative factors (labour and capital) are the main sources of growth the cement industry in Iraq, and the qualitative factors (technological progress) did not contribute effectively to achieve this growth. And that the production techniques adopted in the cement industry in
... Show MoreTwo‐dimensional buoyancy‐induced flow and heat transfer inside a square enclosure partially occupied by copper metallic foam subjected to a symmetric side cooling and constant heat flux bottom heating was tested numerically. Finite Element Method was employed to solve the governing partial differential equations of the flow field and the Local Thermal Equilibrium model was used for the energy equation. The system boundaries were defined as lower heated wall by constant heat flux, cooled lateral walls, and insulated top wall. The three parameters elected to conduct the study are heater length (7 ≤
The research aims to clarify the response of the GDP to the M1 shock. It includes access to the results using standard methods, where the standard model was built according to quarterly data using the program STATA 17. According to the joint integration model ARDL, the research found a long-term equilibrium positive for the relationship between GDP and the money supply in Iraq, as the change in the money supply by a certain percentage will lead to a change in GDP by about 71% of that percentage. In the event of a shock in the Iraqi economy, the impact of the M1 will differ from what it was before the shock, as the shock will increase its effectiveness towards GDP by about 10% more than before the shock. At the same time, the relationship
... Show MoreHyperprolactinemia is a common endocrine abnormality caused by physiological factors like pregnancy and lactation, drug-induced factors like antipsychotics, pituitary adenomas that secrete prolactin, or stalk compression or section that reduces dopamine inhibition. Dopamine agonists cure most prolactinomas.
To assess response to treatment in micro versus macroprolactinoma.