ntroduction. Finding a safe innate immune response stimulator is one of the greatest challenges facing immunologists and vaccine manufacturers. Gap statement. The role of sterile bacterial secretions (SBSs) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in stimulating the innate immune response was not investigated previously. Aim. The comparative effect of SBSs and bacterial cells of P. aeruginosa isolates isolated from freshwater (PAE) and infected wounds (PAC) on the respiratory tract innate immune response. Methodology. Four test mice groups were instilled intranasally (i.n.) with 106 c.f.u of PAC, 106 c.f.u of PAE, SBS of PAC, and SBS of PAE. Two control groups were given i.n. either LB broth or PBS. Time-course changes in IL-1 beta mRNA, TNF-alpha mRNA, IL-1β and TNF-α, leukocyte count, bacterial uptake, and intracellular bacterial killing by mouse alveolar macrophages (AMs) and histological changes were examined. Lung bacterial burdens were counted in first and second test groups. Results. The maximum level of IL-1β was seen as early as 2 h (1360±180 pg ml−1) post-instillation (i.n.) with SBS of PAC and 1 h (1910±244 pgml−1) post-instillation with SBS of PAE. The maximum level of TNF-α was seen as early as 4 h (953±192 pg ml−1) post-instillation with SBS of PAC and (1197±298 pg ml−1) post-instillation with SBS of PAE. These values were almost in line with IL-1β and TNF-α gene expression. Moderate infiltration of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung sections and moderate activity of AMs (bacterial uptake and bacterial killing) were observed. The above innate immune response parameters in mice instilled i.n. with PAC and PAE were higher (P<0.05) than in the mice groups instilled i.n. with SBSs. The PAC was persistent in the lungs of mice for up to 72 h (3.5±0.22 log10 of c.f.u. g−1) and up to 48 h (2.05±0.21 log10 of c.f.u. g−1) for PAE. Conclusion. The administration of mice with SBS i.n. stimulates cellular and molecular arms of the innate immune response in the respiratory tract, opening the door to the possibility of using SBS of P. aeruginosa as an adjuvant.
The tourism industry, with its two sides (recreational and religious), is one of the important investment fields in Iraq, it is represented Iraq as the second economic source after the oil sector. So a need for serious efforts to develop the tourism sector and maintain its sustainability. This paper will be one of the important contributions in this field; the paper aims to explore the extent of the impact of the sustainable strategy on the level of overall performance in the Iraqi tourism sector. The field of research was some Iraqi tourist institutions at Iraqi tourism, Which covers the field of study on the one side, and can be studied on the other side, for the developing study methodology and organizing its main parts, the research pap
... Show MoreAbu Firas al- Hamdani is one of the most prominent abbasid poets Who characterized their poetry with high artistic quality especially in his Romyate which blended the quality of feelings of grief, sorrow, longing and nostalgia that makes sensitive self conflict that stems with time from one hand and with place on the other hand. Because we are dealing with a poet lived west spatial coercive which it has been hurt him within a time conflict swinging between despair and some times patience and hope other times between the present and his painful reality also between the past and the beautiful times.
This researcher is to stand on this Romyat by monitoring effectiveness of the poetic text based on conflict between the presenc
The research entitled: (The Constructive Mutation of installation Systems in the Artworks of the artist Ali Al-Najar) has dealt with the concept of Mutation and its systematizations in installation in the artworks of (Ali Al-Najjar).
The research has four chapters: The first Chapter deals with the methodological framework represented by the basic problem of the research, that is concerned with the constructive mutation of installation systems.
The research aims at finding out the constructive mutation of installation systems in the artwork of ( Ali al-Najar). The research is limited by analyzing visual samples of (Ali Al-Najjar) artworks betwen (1967-1991)
The second chapter deals with the theoretical framework, it has five s
Signification with its different aspects constitutes various aesthetic pictures for human and nature creations over different periods of time. It was a focal around which logical thinking loops on the interpretation level of the signification movement according to its structural context expresses its hidden entities with which a human being deals according to two symmetrical levels while interpreting to attain meaning. Sense was the first passing window for the picture of signification which thought deals with. While trying to decode it and because art in general and theatre in particular are considered as the basis of creating signification through its visual and aural elements, so it was necessary to consider one of the elements of cre
... Show MoreHaruki Murakami (1949-present) is a contemporary Japanese writer whose works have been translated into fifty languages and won him plenty of Japanese and international awards. His short stories are well constructed in a weird realistic manner and are mixed with elements of surrealism. His novels and short stories fall under the genre of magical realism. One of the major revolving themes that Murakami wrote about was the haunting feeling of emptiness and disconnectedness in a world which seems to care much for materialism and self-interests.
The paper explores two of Murakami’s short stories in his book After the Quake (2000) and the relevance of their themes and characters to Iraq after the q
... Show MoreConstruction projects have a special nature and affect them many factors making them exposed to multiple risks as a result of the length of the implementation period and the multiplicity of stages, starting from the decision stage through implementation until the final delivery, which leads to increased uncertainty and the likelihood of risk.
The process of analysis and risk management is one of the effective and productive methods that are used in managing the construction projects for the purpose of increasing the chances of ending the project successfully in terms of cost, time and quality and at the lowest possible problems.
The research aims first to the effective planning for analysis and risk managemen
... Show MoreRecent studies agree that the democratic system in a country can only be established in an atmosphere of political and religious freedom. However, the term democracy and the term freedom have become controversial because their concepts remain multiple and different. Karl Popper is one of the most prominent philosophers in modern Western political thought, and one of the defenders of democracy as opposite to dictatorship. It has defined its function by its ability to restrain the ruling elite and to enforce it to prevent their tendency to tyranny. This can be achieved only in the context of the close relationship between democracy and freedom, so, if there is democracy in the absence of absolute freedom, democracy is a gateway to expandin
... Show MoreThe investment however "was its description and meaning, it remains a resident" in the composition of capital assets located in the forefront of the creation of productive assets, and this means that the investment in the productive sectors is a priority in achieving capital accumulation, on any other investment that takes place with the stages of advanced development of formation , not forgetting "to humans and investment humans as head of real money product, the source of the economic surplus and accumulation, and the source of producing values, and if human labor was the source of value, and the human was the source of work, therefore humanitarian work on different levels and skills presents capital", so the investment in huma
... Show MoreThe Mesopotamian artist conversed the functions of idols with multi-formation, varied pictured and structural significances sign momentum. Each phenomenon had an idol and each event had an idol. So multiplicity contributes in the enrichment of the Mesopotamian thought by the full and comprehensive familiarity of the characterization of the religious space which reached up to realize the start point of creation and formation and specify the concept of unification in such a way that considered as pagan multiplicity and Atheism according to what brought by most of the previous studies.Such a research as ( The Sign Reading of the Structure of Unification in the Civilization of Mesopotamia) aims to clarify this confusion through decoding the
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