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Effects of cavity depth (moderate vs. deep with pulp exposure) on the release of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide in rat mandibular incisors
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Background/objectives: Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) are key indicators of pulp response to mechanical trauma. However, the influence of cavity depth on their release dynamics remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different cavity depths—moderate (without pulp exposure) and deep (with pulp exposure)—on the release of PGE2 and NO in the pulp tissue of rat mandibular incisors at two time intervals (3 and 9 h).Methods: In total, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into two main groups (n = 20) based on cavity depth. A split-mouth design was used, with cavities of different depths prepared on the left mandibular incisors, leaving the right incisors without cavities as controls. All the prepared cavities were sealed with glass ionomer filling until 3 or 9 h (n = 10), when pulp tissue was removed. Homogenates were prepared and analyzed by ELISA for PGE2 and NO levels.Results: Cavities without pulp exposure elicited 2.1-fold higher PGE2 (median: 3.44 vs. 1.81 ng/mL; p < 0.001) and 1.3-fold higher NO (median: 55.45 vs. 43.76 μmol/L; p < 0.01) compared to exposed cavities at 3 h—a paradoxical finding suggesting intact pulp architecture potentiates acute inflammatory signaling. This disparity persisted at 9 h (PGE2: 3.18 vs. 1.81 ng/mL; NO: 49.94 vs. 44.98 μmol/L), though with attenuated significance (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Cavity preparation induces an early inflammatory response in the pulp, as indicated by increased PGE2 and NO levels. The inflammatory response was more pronounced in cavities without pulp exposure, suggesting that maintaining pulp integrity favors a regulated inflammatory response conducive to healing, while exposure may promote irreversible damage.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Energy Procedia
Improvement the Superconducting properties of TlBa2 Ca2 Cu3xNix O 9-δ superconducting compound by partial substitution of copper with nickel oxide on the
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Publication Date
Fri Oct 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Study of Natural Convection in a Closed Cavity (Static Type Domestic Fridge)
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This work provides an analysis of the thermal flow and behavior of the (load-free) refrigerator compartment. The main goal was to compare the thermal behavior inside the refrigerator cavity to the freezer door (home refrigerator) effect and install a fan on the freezer door while neglecting the heat transmitted by thermal radiation. Moreover, the velocity distribution, temperature, and velocity path lines are theoretically studied. This was observed without affecting the shelves inside the cabinet and the egg and butter places on the refrigerator door as they were removed and the aluminum door replaced with a glass door. This study aims to expand our knowledge about the temperature and flow fields of this refrigerator mo

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 15 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effects of Oral Supplementation of Pomegranate Peel Extract on Some serum biochemical Parameters Related with Bone in Rabbit
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Background and aim: Pomegranate is a medicinal herb that can promote healing of periodontal tissue through differentiation of mesenchymal cells both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, this study is to investigate the effect of oral supplementation of Punicagranatum L. peel extract on bone defect in rabbit. Methods: Forty five male rabbits were divided into 3 groups; group 1; baseline group(5 rabbits) left without bone defect. Group 2; study group (20 rabbits) with bone defect model that received daily 1ml of oral supplementation of pomegranate peel extract (PoPx). Group 3; control group (20 rabbits) with bone defect model that received distilled water. Bone defect was done into facial plate of lower right central incisor. Blood biopsies by

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 02 2024
Journal Name
Engineering, Technology &amp; Applied Science Research
Structural Behavior of Concrete One-Way Slab with Mixed Reinforcement of Steel and Glass Fiber Polymer Bars under Fire Exposure
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Steel Reinforced Concrete (RC) frequently faces durability problems. In certain areas, Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars are considered a non-corrodible substitute for steel reinforcement. Elevated temperatures have a significant impact on the mechanical characteristics and the adhesiveness of GFRP rebars to concrete, particularly when the polymeric matrix's glass transition temperature is approached or surpassed. Three simply supported reinforced concrete slabs were considered in the experimental program. Each specimen had identical dimensions of 1500×540×120 mm. For the fire resistance requirements, a 45 mm clear concrete cover and an exception of a 200 mm unexposed (cool) anchor zone at the ends were considered. The

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 31 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EXPOSURE TO TELEVISION PROMOTION OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND TRENDS TOWARDS THEM / FIELD RESEARCH FOR A SAMPLE OF THE AUDIENCE IN THE CITY OF BAGHDAD: EXPOSURE TO TELEVISION PROMOTION OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND TRENDS TOWARDS THEM / FIELD RESEARCH FOR A SAMPLE OF THE AUDIENCE IN THE CITY OF BAGHDAD
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A field study was conducted on a sample of the public in Baghdad to study the audience's exposure to the television promotion of pharmaceutical products and their trends in order to determine the rate of exposure of the public to the television promotion of pharmaceutical products according to the theory of uses and rumors and to determine the public's attitudes towards television promotion of pharmaceutical products. A survey of (25) a questions was distributed to a sample of the audience of 150 people. The statistical program SPSS was used to unload the data and for the calculation of frequencies and percentages and correlation coefficients. The research reached several results, Most importantly, the television promotion is well receiv

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
The Saudi Dental Journal
The effects of cigarette smoking and exercise on total salivary antioxidant activity
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 14 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Educational and Psychological Effects of Social Networking websites on Iraqi Society
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The aim of the research is to identify the educational and psychological effects of the positive and negative aspects of using social networking websites. The researcher administered a number of questions to (250) users of different types of social networking websites. He analyzed his research results and obtained a number of results. The research has reached a number of recommendations and suggestion: Regulating the use of social media. Monitoring the parents of the sites used by children in a way that they do not feel they are observers. It is necessary to devote an hour daily to show the importance of real social life for children other than using social media. It is necessary to show the importance of choosing friends who hav

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 18 2024
Journal Name
Inflammopharmacology
The effects of cholesterol and statins on Parkinson’s neuropathology: a narrative review
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Plant Archives
INVESTIGATION OFsHLA-GAND IT’S RECEPTOR (LILRB4) IN IRAQI PATIENTS INFECTED WITH L. INFANTUMAND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE LEVEL OF IL-12
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Visceral leishmaniasis(VL) or kala-azar is one of the world most neglected tropical diseases in mortality and fourth in morbidity, rK39 dipstick was used to diagnose the suspected infected patients as easiest and rapid technique for VL diagnostic, the disease out-coming required to the differentiation of cell mediated immunity either T-helper 1(Th-1) or (Th-2). One of main pointers that may be considered as one of immune evasion strategy in the host-parasite interplay is HLA-G level alteration. HLA-G Known as a special proteins (non-classical HLA class I) molecules which can suppress the immune system by T-cell functions impaired in the aid with target receptors as LILRB4. The development of the cell mediated immunity initiated with Interle

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 24 2026
Journal Name
Recent Advances In Drug Delivery And Formulation
Development of Lyophilized Ebastine-Loaded Novasome Tablets: Comprehensive Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro/In Vivo Release Evaluation
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Introduction/Objective:

Ebastine, a second-generation H1 antihistamine, exhibits poor aqueous solubility and consequently low oral bioavailability, limiting its clinical therapeutic efficacy. Novasome is an advanced vesicular nanocarrier system that offers a promising approach to enhance the solubility and dissolution behavior of a poorly water solubility drug. Therefore, this study aimed to develop, optimize, and characterize ebastine-loaded novasomes and to compress them into tablets to enhance drug solubility, dissolution, and oral bioavailability.

Methods:
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