في هذا البحث، تم استكشاف تأثير نوع المكاسب على التفاعلات التعاونية الدولية لاسيما في مجال مواجهة التحديات المناخية. إذ تبين أن المكاسب النسبية تلعب دورا حاسما في توجيه سلوك الدول فيما يتعلق بالاتفاقيات البيئية الدولية. ويعكس هذا التحليل دروسا مهمة لصياغة السياسات والجهود الدولية في هذا المجال ذاته. ان الدول عندما تتوقع مكاسب نسبية تفوق الخسائر المتوقعة من التعاون، فإنها تكون أكثر عرضة للالتزام بالاتفاقيات والتفاعل الإيجابي مع الشركاء الدوليين (الواقعية الجديدة). على العكس، إذا كانت الخسائر المتوقعة أكبر من المكاسب، فإن التعاون الدولي يصبح أقل احتمالا، ويمكن أن يؤدي إلى تجنب الالتزام بالاتفاقيات أو حتى الانسحاب منها. هذا يظهر جليا في دراسة الحالة والمثال المستخدم حيال انسحاب الولايات المتحدة من بروتوكول كيوتو واتفاقية باريس للمناخ. بينما الاتجاه الليبرالي الجديدة يدفع إلى أهمية معالجة قضايا الغش والارتداد عن الالتزامات من خلال المؤسسات الدولية بوصفها وسيلة لتعزيز التعاون بين الدول من خلال تبادل البيانات والمعلومات وغيرها من أنماط التعاون الأخرى بدلاً من الاهتمام بنوع المكاسب. هذه الجهود يمكن ان تنعكس ايجابيا على تضافر الجهود والتفاهم المشترك وصولا لتحقيق النتائج ذات المردود التعاوني. هذا النقاش النظري، يسهم في معرفة فهم دوافع وسلوك الدول في العلاقات الدولية. فالواقعية الجديدة تركز على القوة النسبية ودورها في تعزيز المصالح الوطنية عن طريق من توجيه الأنماط السلوكية للدول حيال الوحدات الدولية. في الجانب الآخر، الليبرالية الجديدة تركز على ضرورة ان يكون هناك مزيد من فرص تعزيز التعاون الدولي والقيم المشتركة والأخلاقيات في توجيه سلوك الدول
Of good reasoning (the art of unique moral turn him poets of Andalusia in
poetry verse emitter myself, and to achieve a very technical. Either the emitter is
related to the nature of the environment and the composition of personal Andalusia
of appetite for life and interaction with the legibility beautiful, and it was (wit)
feature in them even said they are charming as Bagdad ions , and either art, it made
them this color to show their ability intellectual in the search for bugs, and
stimulate their imaginations in a contract equations in the interpretation and find
justifications for the ideas and meanings Exaggeratedly times, and especially in the
purpose of praise, and novelty in many cases, as in the spinning
The Holy Koran is the highest text in the eloquence, It is one of the
important sources of the linguistic syntactic and eloquent study; it impacts
upon these sciences Avery intense impact through advancing its verses as an
argument in the confirmation of the significance of the term
The holy Koran was and still the fountain of the linguistic studies, as
they tend towards it since the second century of the hegira. So this research is
a study of the expressive terms concerning the rain in the holly Koran, a
linguistic study; it aims to study the term concerning its linguistic and
conjugate significance and its expression concerning the rain through reality
and metaphor.
الفلسفة السياسية وفلاسفتها دراسة في فكر الفيلسوف ليو شتراوس
God bestowed upon the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) knowledge and wisdom, in addition to give them virtue as long as it was not given to anyone from the worlds. knowledge have been enriched from them that cause pride.
تتراوح ضريبة الارض ما بين 10%من المحصول (الشعير ) و 40 -50 من الخراج
Identity is an influential and flexible concept in social sciences and political studies. The basic sense of identity is looking for uniqueness. In one sense, it is a sign of identification with those we assume they are similar to us or at least in some significant ways they are so. Globalization, migration, modern technologies, media and political conflicts are argued to have a crucial effect on identity representation in terms of the political perspectives specifically in the United States of America. This paper endeavors to investigate how American politicians represent their identities in speeches delivered in different periods of time namely from 2015 to 2018 in terms of the pragmatic paradigm. Three randomly selected speeches by fa
... Show MoreWe try through this research to show the relationship between the crescent and the month in the Koran, and then their importance and their relationship to timing, and the timing of this relationship with people, and the significance of these timings, so we gathered verses that spoke about the family and the month, and we tried to study them in a detailed objective study, so this came The research of five subjects was the first topic introductory research and the time and month, while the remaining four detectives on the verses that talked about the timing of the month, and we have explained the relationship of this timing with people and the significance of these times.
The study highlights the rivalry of foreign interests in Iraq, especially after the establishment of the monarchy in 1921. This period was characterized by extensive American activity in Iraq in general and Baghdad in particular. This activity increased after the Americans obtained the concession which came in the light of Article IV of the 1930 Treaty. Which officially guaranteed US interests in Iraq. The research also discussed the efforts of the Jesuit Fathers in Baghdad to convert the Church of Wisdom from a place of worship and rites of the Christian religion to a school of the propagation of science and culture along the lines of American schools, College Baghdad), which has become an important school in Baghd
The current research aims to evaluate the level of inclusive leadership within the General Secretariat for the Council of Ministers, and its role in achieving integration in work through the need to improve relationships between different administrative levels, facilitate participation, expression of opinions, and belonging to the organization. In order to achieve the research objective, the descriptive analytical statistical method was chosen using the SPSS V.25 programs, with various statistical methods and measures, including mean, standard deviation, variance coefficient, relative importance, and simple regression, through a questionnaire tool for data collection. The research community included the leadership in the sample of resear
... Show MoreThe aim of the research is to investigate potential effects of the finance industry and block-chain to general business of financing in particular, as well as its shortcomings and difficulties. To answer the research questions, the researcher used the objective narrative-analytical descriptive approach and included a qualitative analysis of Blockchain technology. The process of Blockchain technology based on their industries, the authors were selected based on their reputation in the Blockchain field. The research found that Blockchain can improve the efficiency of the banking industry's various sections. It has the ability to upgrade and transfer wages across borders, financial reporting and compliance, as well as trade finance
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