في هذا البحث، تم استكشاف تأثير نوع المكاسب على التفاعلات التعاونية الدولية لاسيما في مجال مواجهة التحديات المناخية. إذ تبين أن المكاسب النسبية تلعب دورا حاسما في توجيه سلوك الدول فيما يتعلق بالاتفاقيات البيئية الدولية. ويعكس هذا التحليل دروسا مهمة لصياغة السياسات والجهود الدولية في هذا المجال ذاته. ان الدول عندما تتوقع مكاسب نسبية تفوق الخسائر المتوقعة من التعاون، فإنها تكون أكثر عرضة للالتزام بالاتفاقيات والتفاعل الإيجابي مع الشركاء الدوليين (الواقعية الجديدة). على العكس، إذا كانت الخسائر المتوقعة أكبر من المكاسب، فإن التعاون الدولي يصبح أقل احتمالا، ويمكن أن يؤدي إلى تجنب الالتزام بالاتفاقيات أو حتى الانسحاب منها. هذا يظهر جليا في دراسة الحالة والمثال المستخدم حيال انسحاب الولايات المتحدة من بروتوكول كيوتو واتفاقية باريس للمناخ. بينما الاتجاه الليبرالي الجديدة يدفع إلى أهمية معالجة قضايا الغش والارتداد عن الالتزامات من خلال المؤسسات الدولية بوصفها وسيلة لتعزيز التعاون بين الدول من خلال تبادل البيانات والمعلومات وغيرها من أنماط التعاون الأخرى بدلاً من الاهتمام بنوع المكاسب. هذه الجهود يمكن ان تنعكس ايجابيا على تضافر الجهود والتفاهم المشترك وصولا لتحقيق النتائج ذات المردود التعاوني. هذا النقاش النظري، يسهم في معرفة فهم دوافع وسلوك الدول في العلاقات الدولية. فالواقعية الجديدة تركز على القوة النسبية ودورها في تعزيز المصالح الوطنية عن طريق من توجيه الأنماط السلوكية للدول حيال الوحدات الدولية. في الجانب الآخر، الليبرالية الجديدة تركز على ضرورة ان يكون هناك مزيد من فرص تعزيز التعاون الدولي والقيم المشتركة والأخلاقيات في توجيه سلوك الدول
And the necessity for the progress of modern societies Because the scientific and objective characteristics that characterize modern societies and distinguish them from traditional societies, Is represented by the extent of its innovative achievements in the theoretical, applied and material scientific and spiritual fields. It should be noted that quality and innovation in modern societies is based on two main pillars, Standard measures for measuring and evaluating innovations to achieve their high quality, And the dissemination of the culture of innovation to spread awareness of the importance and conditions of success, and this is done by the advanced industrial countries, However, despite the great disparity between developed industri
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Today, the financial and banking sector is witnessing a qualitative shift thanks to financial technology services, which provide their services to many individuals and companies in quick, easy and less expensive ways compared to traditional means. Financial technology is a new form of financial science that combines financial transactions and technological skills concerned with providing financial services and improving the work environment within Banking institutions, and financial technology provides many advantages such as lower transaction costs, instant payment, and saving more time and effort in conducting banking
... Show MoreThe subject of disclosure, transparency and corporate governance taking globally significant attention recently, especially after the collapse of many large companies because the level of disclosure and transparency is an important measure of the effectiveness and reliability of the system of governance in the companies, the equity in the provision of correct information and clear and complete in a timely manner to all stakeholders in the life of the company with whom in relation strengthen the confidence the company's management systems and automatic guide the staff and the decision-making.
The research aims to shed light on the concept of corporate governance, and the reasons and motives of the spread
The bank risks has greaten and changed in its nature under the developments of financial liberalization, banking innovation and increasing use for new financial instruments which created by the huge technological advancement happened in the banking industry. So that, banks in large choose to base the profitability measures adjusted for risks; that is we introduced this research. The most important reason led us to do this is the restriction to use the modern statistical methods by trade bank in Arab countries equally with world banks which were the antecedent to base those models. Therefore, the research problem is embedded in the banks need to use measures that link between profitability and risks and this is what achieved by RARC
... Show MoreThe problem of research was to identify after the use of cost technology based on specifications in the validity of determining and measuring the costs of the implementation of contracting, by applying to al-Mansour General Construction Contracting Company as an appropriate alternative to the traditional costing system currently adopted, which is characterized by many shortcomings and weaknesses Which has been reflected in the validity and integrity of the calculations. To solve this problem, the research was based on the premise that: (The application of cost technology based on specifications will result in calculating the cost of the product according to the specification required by the customer, to meet his wishes properly and witho
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The aim of the research to define the concept of moral intelligence and its dimensions and its relationship to some personal characteristics with the internal auditors and identify the importance of the employment of moral intelligence dimensions of (empathy, conscience, self- control, respect, kindness, tolerance, fairness) in the internal audit and the extent of support for the performance of the internal audit process in light of these dimensions. And that by answering the following question : Is there a role for moral intelligence of internal auditors in support the performance of internal audit process ? How are employ these dimensions i
... Show Moremethodology six sigma Help to reduce defects by solving problems effectively, and works Lean to reduce losses through the flow of the manufacturing process and when integrating these two methodologies (Lean and six sigma), the methodology of Lean six sigma will form the entrance to the organizers of the optimization process and increase the quality and reduce lead times and costs . by focusing on the needs of the customer. this process uses statistical tools and techniques to analyze and improve processes.
We have conducted this research in the General Company for Electrical Industries and adopted its product (machine cooling water three taps) as a sample for research. In order to determine t
... Show MoreImposed on foreign oil companies from important sources in the financing of the general budget in most countries of the world income tax is considered as well as be used to achieve political, economic and social goals, and has developed the concept of the tax until it became play an important role in influencing the economic conditions of a country, and the aim of this research is to statement imposed on foreign oil companies operating in Iraq in the financing of the state budget income tax contribution, as well as clarify the contracts type contracts with these companies, which is in favor of Iraq, together with the Income Tax Law No. (19) for the year / 2010, and instructed No. (5) for the year / 2011, which organized the tax process s
... Show MoreThe research aims present to highlight the importance of creating construction Organizational appropriate to achieve strategic success and reduce many of the negative effects experienced by organizations has been developing his questionnaire especially so was distributed to a sample of workers in the Asia-cellular as sample included (60) responsive 0 and can embody intellectual dilemma following questions (What are the dimensions of the organizational infrastructure, and what are the justifications for carrying out the reform and development cleared the organizational structure to make it more flexible) to contribute to the achievement of the strategic requirements for success of the organization surveyed.
Find recommended a number o
The aim of this study is know the five leadership practices according to the theory of network of leadership by Black and Mouton for the presidents of the Taxation General Board from their prospective, that is through answering the questionnaire questions. To achieving the objectives of this study, the researcher organized a questionnaire form as a main instrument for data collection. It includes (30) items distributed into five leadership practices according to the theory of network of leadership. Each one is subdivided into (6) questions.
The questionnaire was distributed to the presidents of the Taxation General Board of (14). The researcher used the SPSS program to analyses the answers. Through the answers, h
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