Mobile ad hoc network is nothing but the temporary network which is having the collection of mobile nodes. Routing and broadcasting are major operations of MANET network. The major operation in ad hoc mobile network is the broadcasting which sometime results to storm problem of the broadcast if the forwarding mechanism is not properly designated. Thus the challenges in the MANET are to reduce the broadcasting redundancy and under high transmission error rate provides high delivery ratio. Hence in our proposed research, we are introducing and investigating the new mechanism of broadcasting called Dual Covered Broadcast. This method takes the broadcast redundancy advantage order to improve packet delivery ratio especially under environments where transmission error rate higher. According to proposed approach, among the senders 1-hop neighbors, forwarding nodes which are selected are only retransmit the broadcasting message. There are two ways for selection of forwarding nodes and either of one is used depending on the network conditions. The source node provides forwarding node retransmission as acknowledgement of reception of packet. If the source node not getting the retransmissions of its forwarding nodes, source node resend the packets until the maximum threshold will reach. For the simulation of this project we used the Microsoft .Net framework and our simulation results shows that proposed method performing well under the high transmission error rate. From the simulated results we claim that investigated approach for the broadcasting is more efficient as compared to the existing approaches.
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Background: The therapeutic goal of orthodontic treatment is to establish ideal occlusion which includes both static and functional aspects. The objective of this study was to clarify functional occlusal treatment goals by analyzing functional occlusion in subjects with established normal occlusion and identify the differences between canine protected occlusion and group function occlusion. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 62 subjects with normal occlusion and with an age range of (18-25 years).Functional occlusal contacts during lateral excursion were identified on a fully adjustable articulator, and then the samples were classified according to: 1) Type of functional occlusion: A) Canine protected occlusion group (canine pr
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It is clear that correct application of antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of infection resulting from the bacterial inoculation in a variety of clinical situations; it cannot prevent all infections any more than it can eliminate all established infections. Optimum antibiotic prophylaxis depends on: rational selection of the drug(s), adequate concentrations of the drug in the tissues that are at risk, and attention to timing of administration. Moreover, the risk of
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Time series have gained great importance and have been applied in a manner in the economic, financial, health and social fields and used in the analysis through studying the changes and forecasting the future of the phenomenon. One of the most important models of the black box is the "ARMAX" model, which is a mixed model consisting of self-regression with moving averages with external inputs. It consists of several stages, namely determining the rank of the model and the process of estimating the parameters of the model and then the prediction process to know the amount of compensation granted to workers in the future in order to fulfil the future obligations of the Fund. , And using the regular least squares method and the frequ
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Since the property in Islam is based on the principle of succession , "which made you Khalaúv land and raise yourselves above some degree of Iblukm with Atakm The Lord of the fast punishment and it is Forgiving, Merciful " [cattle : 165 ] and human only Mstkhalaf where " God promised you who believe and do good deeds for Istkhalvenhm Normans in the ground as those before them " [Nur : 55 ] , considering that King God alone any talk about having ownership in Islam in the contemporary sense of ownership , containing three rights are:
1- right to dispose of the right of usufruct tenure
2-The concept is ambiguous as long as that man Mstkhalaf does not have the right to dispose
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KE Sharquie, AA Noaimi, AH Muhammad Ali, 2008 - Cited by 3
Clotrimazole (CLO) is an antimycotic imidazole derivative applied locally for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections. In this study, CLO was formulated as vaginal mucoadhesive hydrogel, using different types of mucoadhesive polymers to ensure prolonged contact between active ingredient and vaginal mucosa.
Physicochemical properties of the prepared formulas were evaluated as a visual inspection, pH, swelling index, spreadability, and mucoadhesive characteristics, in addition to an in-vitro drug release. The influence of type and concentration of polymers as CMC-Na (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5%w/w), carbopol 940( 0.25, 0.5, and 1 %w/w) and poloxamer 407 (15, 25, 30%w/w) on CLO release from the prepared gels were also invest
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