الزمن عنصر جوهري في العقود، إذ يوجد مستقلًا في الكثير من أجزاء كلِّ عقد، إلا إنَّ البعد الزمني له أثر كبير في أحكام العقود جميعًا ولا يقتصر على طائفة معينة منها، وقد نادى فقهاء القانون الفرنسيون والعرب على حدَّ سواء بضرورة إيلاء هذا البعد اهتمامًا خاصًا، ونتيجة لذلك استحدث المشرع الفرنسي مصطلح مدة العقد؛ لمحاولة حصر العناصر الزمنية، وبيان أحكامها والتمييز فيما بينها في مرسوم131 /2016، إلا إنَّ الأمر بالنسبة لبل

          The pre-contractual period considered as the most important stages that the contract passes, if not the most important at all because of its impact on the implementation of the contract, and this stage is no longer just material works that do not have a legal effect, but has its own system, especially after the amendment that lasted long. For the French civil law of 2016, the existence of the previous stage is not limited to contracting in civil law, but for this stage is specific under the provisions of the private law in general such as commercial law and specifically the law of commercial companies, the commercial company is essentially a contract between the founders and this The

بعد مائتي عام ونيف على اصدار تقنين نابليون Code Napoléon)) عام 1804، والذي يعد مصدر الهامٍ للكثير من التشريعات المدنية سواء على مستوى الوطن العربي او العالم، شهد هذا التقنين اوسع عملية تعديل عام 2016 بصدور المرسوم التشريعي رقم 131-2016، والذي تضمن اشارات الى العديد من المفاهيم والالفاظ المستحدثة من قبيل (الواجب الاخلاقي، عقود الاطار، مضمون العقد، مدة العقد)، فضلا عن التوسع او الحذف او التنقيح الذي شمل بعض المفاهيم التي كان

يتناول البحث الحماية المدنية للمستهلك في المرحلة السابقة على التعاقد الالكتروني

Background: lymph nodes involvement is the most common presentation of abdominal lymphoma; their diagnosis is based on variety of imaging modalities, histopathology of different areas of involvement and stage of the disease.
Objective: to compare the value of abdominal ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) scan in already diagnosed cases of lymphoma and evaluation of lymph nodes and splenic involvement in patients with proved lymphoma.
Patients and methods: thirty patients with lymphoma were gathered from hematological unit in Baghdad teaching hospital retrospectively depending on their histopathology that revealed either Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and they were examined by ultrasound and CT scan of

The contact will be obligated as well as strong if it is contracted in right way. The contract is as the law in its obligation. Everyone must be followed the law so he /she must be obligated in the contract that he /she contracted. There is no clear suitable justification about the concept of partner in the contract that leads to this concept not to be stable. It becomes clearer when the idea of the group of contract appears. The idea of the group of contract in determination of the concept of partner is criticized by the jurisprudence. It tries to put a new concept for the partner in the contract or another one and also they have the same. The persons who have the adjective of partner should be having the same power which enjoy with the

يعد موضوع المحل من المواضيع الشائكة في القانون المدني ، اذ ان هذا الموضوع رغم قدمه الا انه لازال يمثل ارضا خصبة للبحث ، اذ يوجد خلاف حول تحديد الكائن القانوني الذي يعد المحل ركنا فيه ، حيث اختلفت التشريعات في هذه المسألة ، فبعض التشريعات تذهب الى ان المحل ركن في العقد ، وبعضها يذهب الى ان المحل ركن في الالتزام ، وبعضها يذهب الى ان المحل ركن في العقد وركن في الالتزام وقد انتقل هذا الخلاف الى الفقه فظهر فيه عدة اتج

The topic of subject-matter is one of the thorny issues in civil law, as this topic despite its antiquity still represents a fertile ground for research , There is a dispute about the determination of the legal object in which subject-matter is element in it ,Where the legislation differs on this issue , Some legislation states that the subject matter is an element of a contract, and Some of them states that the subject matter is an element of an obligation, and Some of them states that the subject matter is an element of a contract and an obligation , This dispute has moved to jurisprudence, There were several directions in it , The research ended with us saying that the subject matter is an element of a contract.

The present of a foreign element in the Contract will call the conflict of many laws on the conclude of the contract; usually such conflict will end to the jurisdiction of one law, but in this case it will end to the jurisdiction of many laws on the conclude of the international contract but without being a common jurisdiction, each of the conflicting law will have its own jurisdiction.

The contracts management style, a distinctive and important practice management through active administratively closed facility in aiming to ensure the continuity of the Facility regularly and Adtarad where walk in the light of this style approach satisfaction and understanding through the conclusion of the contract administrative and through an agreement with one of the natural or legal persons n this style resorted to by the administration if it does not Asafha administrative decision in the exercise of its activity, or if he believes that the style of management contracts better able to achieve its goals.

There is administrative contracts general principle expressed the commitment of the contractor with the administration, imp