Aromaticity reversals between the electronic ground (S0) and low-lying singlet (S1, S2) and triplet (T1, T2, T3) states of naphthalene and anthracene are investigated by calculating the respective off-nucleus isotropic magnetic shielding distributions using complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wavefunctions involving gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). The shielding distributions around the aromatic S0, antiaromatic S1 (1Lb), and aromatic S2 (1La) states in naphthalene are found to resemble the outcomes of fusing together the respective S0, S1, and S2 shielding distributions of two benzene rings. In anthracene, 1La is lower in energy than 1Lb, and as a result, the S1 state becomes aromatic, and the S2 state becomes antiaromatic; the corresponding shielding distributions are found to resemble extensions by one ring of those around the S2 and S1 states in naphthalene. The lowest antiaromatic singlet state of either molecule is found to be significantly more antiaromatic than the respective T1 state, which shows that it would be incorrect to assume that the similarity between the (anti)aromaticities of the S1 and T1 states in benzene, cyclobutadiene, and cyclooctatetraene would be maintained in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
The world is witnessing a remarkable development in the use of technology, which has made it an essential means of investment, especially in the field of management, which provided many of the facilities experienced by the institutions, including improving revenues, shortening time and saving labor. Islamic investment technology as a successful means of management and we touched on the Zakat Foundation as an application model.
ZG Abdulrazaq, MR Younus, Nasaq, 2023
New trends in teaching and learning theory are considered a theoretical axis
from which came the background that depends on any source, or practice sample or
teaching plane, accuracy and simplicity prevent the development of the teaching
process. Many attempts have come to scene to illuminate the teaching background,
but they have not exceed those remarkable patterns and methods. Thus, the
appearance of the teaching theory have been hindered.
This led to the need for research and development in the field of teaching to
find out a specific teaching theory according to the modern trends and concepts.
Teaching is regarded a humanitarian process which aims at helping those who
want to acquire knowledge, since teach
Enrollment in kindergarten child accomplishes many positive aspects, that’s what Im sure a lot of modern educational trends in child education preschool in the importance of exposing children to a variety of sensory stimuli that contribute to impart a range of sound concepts.
Current research aims to know:
1.the level of sensory perception in the first primary grade students a sample search.
2.differences in perception of elementary first-graders with variable gender male, female)) 3.differences in perception of the first primary grade students attending and not attending kindergarten in accordance with variable attendance (attending, not attending).
school students (first grade) from attendi
... Show MoreIt can be said that the Security of water in Basra from the visual task vital strategic issues of concern to the attention of researchers in various attributions and those interested in water, environmental, economic, social, cultural and political affairs ... etc. This view of the great importance of the issue of water in the occupied Basra, which is characterized by parochialism and scarcity, When looking at the sources of our daily lives and in our reality today. We find that millions of people living on the two main exporters Tabaaan oil and water. And depleted oil wealth However Manfred him the most attention because we entered it surpasses all other sources of income, but is not it a littl
... Show MoreThis paper addresses the new coloring in the concept of dystopian society as represented by the positive role of one of the characters vs. the passive role of the government and its mutual effect on the people of the society. In addition, it describes how all men in the dystopian society victimize and degrade the other through unlawful acts, like: stealing, rape, and fear, which are the lowest points in a moral decay. However, it offers hope by illustrating a positive sense, as exemplified by the doctor's wife out of Saramago's optimistic view that men may be descended from good women. Accordingly, the paper aims to examine the effect of the government’s role in the lives of the people who have later turned into blind in a dystopian so
... Show MoreThe present study represent the histological and histochemical structure of the esophagus of laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis, one of the wild birds, which feed on the seeds( grainvorous).The result showed that the esophagus long tubular quit wide and highly distensible organ situated at the right side of the nick , lie between pharynx and stomach it was divided into cervical and thoracic part , the cervical part longer than the thoracic part, and the crop was merely enlargement fusiform in shape which located at the entrance of the thorax. Esophagus parts showed that composed of four layer ;the mucosa, sub mucosa, muscular and adventitia or serosa, the mucosal layer was arranged in folds which was longer in the c
... Show MoreThe morphological description and histological structure of Kidney in barn owl Tyto alba have been invesigated. The results of present study revealed that barn owl has pair of elongated solid kidney situated symmetrically on both sides of vertebral column. Each kidney consists of three lobes represented by carnial, middle and caudal lobes and all of then covered by a capsule of connective tissue. Microscopical examination showed that the basic unit of kidney in barn owl represented by lobules which have conical shaped and each of them consists of cortex and medulla, and the cortex occupies more area than that of medulla. The results of the present study revealed that the glomerulus in barn owl represented b
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