The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), which most commonly manifests as Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or Graves' disease (GD). The importance of vitamin D (vit D) as an immune modulator has recently been emphasized in several types of disorders. However, its significance in thyroid illnesses is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate how vitamin D affects the pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in Iraqi women. One hundred Iraqi women with age ranged from 18 to 60 years participate in this research, 50 of them were hypothyroidism patients, 30 were hyperthyroidism patients and the other 20 were euthyroidism served as controls. Blood samples were collected from the studied subjects to determine thyroid profile [free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)], thyroid antibodies [anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (anti-TSHR)], vit D, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) using different analysis techniques. Levels of FT3 and FT4 revealed a significant (P<0.01) increase in hyperthyroidism patients and a significant (P<0.01) decrease in hypothyroidism patients compared with euthyroidism control. While level of TSH was significantly (P<0.01) decreased in hyperthyroidism patients and significantly (P<0.01) increased in hypothyroidism compared with euthyroidism control. When a comparison was made between hyperthyroidism group and hypothyroidism group, the results showed that levels of FT3 and FT4 were significantly (P<0.01) higher in hyerthyroidism than hyporthyroidism while level of TSH was significantly (P<0.01) lower in hyperthyroidism than hyporthyroidism. Levels of anti-TPO and anti-Tg significantly (P<0.01) increased in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism patients compared with euthyroidism individuals, while level of anti-TSHR was significantly (P<0.01) decreased in hyperthyroidism patients and significantly (P<0.01) increased in hypothyroidism patients compared with euthyroidism individuals. On the other hand, the findings revealed that level of anti-TPO was significantly (P<0.01) higher while levels of anti-Tg and anti-TSHR were significantly (P<0.01) higher in hypothyroidism than hyperthyroidism. The results revealed a significant (P<0.01) decrease in level of vit D in hyperthyroidism patients and hypothyroidism patients compared with euthyroidism control, a significant (P<0.01) increase in levels of Ca and P in hyperthyroidism patients compared with euthyroidism control, while non-significant (P>0.01) differences were found between hypothyroidism patients and euthyroidism control. Also, the findings revealed that levels of vit D, Ca, and P were significantly (P<0.01) higher in hyperthyroidism than hypothyroidism. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Vit D deficiency may be act as a factor in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and the status of vit D impact on autoimmune thyroiditis. Keyword: Autoimmune thyroiditis, Vitamin D, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Euthyroidism
The current research aimed to analyze the importance, correlation and the effect of independent variables represented by marketing variables on the dependent variable represented by local brand, through taking ENIEM as a model for this study, which represents a sensitive sector for the Algerian consumer. The results of the study evinced that the Algerian consumer has a positive image toward the brand ENIEM given marketing variables which has acquired considerable importance to this consumer. Also, the results of this study showed a statistically significant correlation between marketing variables and good perception toward the brand ENIEM, at the same time, the existence of a statistically significant effect for each of these variables o
... Show MoreThe ability of insurance companies to achieve goals depends on their ability to meet customers' requirements, and this requires them to identify target markets and respond to needs and wishes of the markets, the skill is to convince the company to operate what is in the interest of the customer if he is convinced the customer service provided to him, he would repeat to deal with, and where the cost of maintaining existing customers is less than the cost of attracting new customers, the insurance companies that is working hard to maintain their customers, the more customer satisfaction with the services provided has increased loyalty and weakened the ability of competitors lured.
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... Show MoreAbstract: The aim of the research identify the effect of using the five-finger strategy in learning a movement chain on the balance beam apparatus for students in the third stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Science, as well as to identify which groups (experimental and controlling) are better in learning the kinematic chain on the balance beam device, has been used The experimental approach is to design the experimental and control groups with pre-and post-test. The research sample was represented by third-graders, as the third division (j) was chosen by lot to represent the experimental group, and a division Third (i) to represent the control group, after which (10) students from each division were tested by lot to repr
... Show MoreThe strategies of knowledge management have became the basis in the promotion of core competencies. Therefore gained an increasing prominence. This led the administrations of organizations to work to effectiveness of there strategies, which results to build there core competences through teamwork, empowerment and personal effectiveness of employees. From this arises research problem about the organizations leaders recognize extent of knowledge management strategies which that lead to core competence. In addition the research tray definition the relation and nature of affect between its variables. The research was carried on sample (72) managers from board of supreme audit in Iraq and used statistical tools and methods.
... Show MoreFilled the place thought philosophers and ancient is the identity that you know The value of belonging to a World Geography existential - the spiritual , and Which is characterized by the structure humanity from one another and the Rest of the organisms they interact with him alone by environmental Conditions - surrounding has to achieve time through continuous movement Localized or comprehensive . The place is exemplified by making special Natural Great Creator, I believe making structure humanity combined - Individual interactive because of its influential role in all daily consumer Productions and creative arts, specifically drama's TV , because the place in Aesthetic discourse - TV drama directly affect the creating and building the
... Show MoreTwo dwarf snakes were discovered, Eirenis thospitis Schmidtler & Lanza from Sereen mountain, north east of Arbil and E. rothii Jan from Saffin mountain North of Arbil city North of Iraqi Kurdistan. Supported by description and important notes on variation. In addition summarized list for 9 species of the genus Eirenis Jan in Iraq is also presented.
Money laundering is consider a crime in legal perspective and aphenomenon of negative effects in economic and Social perspective for thevarious countries of the world by the diversity of their economies to make thebadly damaged in the banking service and its reputation in some cases may leadto bankruptcy of banks, and the fact that banks is one of the most importantcircles that revolve the illicit funds, Due to its branched the banking operations,speed and overlap and increase it's complicated with the progress of bankingoperations and the use of electronic services modern here's challenges atvarious levels between the application of the legislation to combat moneylaundering and between actual fact it must find ways and means of legislat
... Show MoreThis research aims to find out the phonemic, dialect and semantic ailments that were interrogated by the book of the parsing of thirty surahs of the Noble Qur’an by Ibn Khalawiyeh, by examining some phonemic phenomena of Qur’anic expressions and their explanatory relationships that resulted in their occurrence, such as substitution and compression, as the sounds in a word are affected by one another, especially during performance and composition. This influence and influence is the tendency of the human being to the law of ease, facilitation, and the reduction of muscular effort in speech often, all for the purpose of obtaining phonemic harmony for the compound letters; To facilitate pronunciation; And get rid of the muscular effort
... Show MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is preparing exercises according to some biomechanical variables for women with low back pain and identifying the effect of exercise according to some biomechanical variables and relieving lower back pain for women. The researchers used the one-group experimental design. The sample was chosen by the intentional method to provide the necessary conditions for conducting the study, and they represent the research community and its sample. The researchers also excluded (2) of the injured women because they did not adhere to the rehabilitation sessions, and for the purpose of ensuring the homogeneity of the sample members, the researchers used the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and the torsion coefficient
... Show MoreBackground: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins play important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Genetic research has been employed to find many of the missing connections between genetic risk variations and causal genetic components. Objective: The goal of this study is to look at the genetic variations of TNF-α and interleukins in Iraqi RA patients and see how they relate to disease severity or response to biological therapy. Method: Using specific keywords, the authors conducted a systematic and comprehensive search to identify relevant Iraqi studies examining the genetic variations of TNF-α and interleukins in Iraqi RA patients and how they relate to disease severity or response to biolo
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