This study investigates the impact of agricultural investment policy—represented by agricultural loans and investment allocations—on rice crop production in Iraq over the period 2003–2023, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Using time-series econometric analysis, the study confirms a short-term positive and statistically significant effect of financial support on rice output, while revealing statistically insignificant long-term effects. The presence of a cointegration relationship suggests long-term equilibrium between agricultural policy variables and rice production. However, the absence of causality in the Yamamoto-Toda test implies that structural and institutional inefficiencies may dilute the long-term impact of financial interventions. Practical implications of the study lie in guiding policymakers toward optimizing short-term agricultural investment strategies while simultaneously reforming institutional frameworks to enhance long-run outcomes. Emphasis is placed on the effective deployment of resources, improved monitoring mechanisms, and fostering innovation in agricultural practices. The results also underscore the importance of aligning credit mechanisms with production cycles to maximize returns. From a social perspective, the research highlights agriculture’s critical role in enhancing food security and rural employment. It addresses the economic disparities caused by inefficient resource allocation and advocates for policies that promote Development of the agricultural sector, particularly in post-conflict regions like Iraq. The unique contribution of this study lies in its comprehensive econometric approach contextualized within Iraq’s fragile economic structure. It provides a data-driven framework for understanding how targeted financial mechanisms can enhance agricultural productivity, offering insight for emerging economies aiming to balance investment efficiency with Economic development. Keywords: Agricultural Sector, Agricultural Investment, Rice Crops.
Emotional exhaustion considered one of the critical factors in the formation and composition of organizational behavior of individuals within organizations, as well as social behavior and psychological, and emotional exhaustion is one of the three components of burnout, as well as depersonalization (cynicism) and low achievement, the emergence of research relevant to this concept began at the beginning of the seventies of the twentieth century, then started to become clear features in the eighties it. This research aims to build intellectual framework for draining emotional exhaustion through highlight on most important philosophical contents, as well as review and analysis of some models associated with this concept, and then a
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The Role of Japan in the Reconstruction of Iraq
This research aims to determine the importance of the role that agile leadership plays in supporting programs and areas of investment in human capital, as it is the most important type of capital that the organization possesses and achieves returns that are many times the cost it bears, due to its rare and valuable characteristics. Through six behaviours: (humility behaviour, calm behaviour, wisdom behaviour, patience behaviour, objectivity behaviour, trust behaviour). As for investment in human capital, it was measured through its four elements (skills, knowledge, capabilities, experiences). Despite this, the researched organizations suffer from a decrease in awareness of the importance of this type of investment and the role of
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This study aimed to examine the effects of electronic training to improve the skills of designing electronic courses for teachers of Arabic language in the colleges of education in Iraq. The descriptive approach is applied and the sample included 145 teachers of Arabic who were selected randomly from the colleges of education in Iraq. Moreover, the results reflected that e-training is effective in improving the skills related to designing online educational courses for teachers of Arabic in the colleges of education in Iraq. Besides, there was no difference between the mean of the respondents' responses to the total score of the tool on the role of electronic training to develop the skills related to electronic courses designing for teacher
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Objectives: The main objective of this study is to examine the crucial role that Russian writers and intellectuals played in catalyzing the 1905 Revolution in Russia. Specifically, the study sought to analyze how their literary works, philosophical ideas, and political writings challenged Tsarist autocracy, depicted the suffering of the masses, and inspired opposition movements. The study aimed to highlight the defiant writings that contributed to the rise of political figures and the eventual overthrow of the repressive regime. Methods: The historical narrative and analytical methods were employed, conducting a comparative analysis of prominent works by renowned authors such as Tolstoy, Gorky, and Chekhov. This analysis focused on
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Background: Dimensional changes of acrylic denture bases after polymerization results in need for further adjustments or even ends with technical failure of the finished dentures. The purpose of this study was to estimate the linear dimensional changes for different palatal depths when using multiple investment materials and polymerization techniques. Materials and methods: Ninety upper complete denture bases were constructed for this study. They were divided into two main groups according to the polymerization methods: conventional water bath and experimental autoclave (short and long cycles). Each main group was further subdivided into three subgroups according to the palatal depth (shallow, medium and deep). Furthermore, for each palatal
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Constitute a planning problem on the basis of personal experience and self-governance in the service organizations away from quantitative scientific method in planning an anchor and a platform, who made a recent research study, analysis and interpretation through scientific methodology adopted which formed its contents, The research aims to identify the true reality of production planning in service organizations, specifically in the Baghdad Hotel as a society to look, in order to assess the best strategy through the standard cost of the strategies of tracking and settlement to cope with developments on services demand changes, Search results confirmed that the settlement rates of production strategy is the best strategy in accordance wi
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