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The stage of breast cancer at the time of diagnosis: correlation with the clinicopathological findings among Iraqi patients
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Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of mortality among women in Iraq forming 23% of cancer related deaths. The low survival from the disease is a direct consequence to the advanced stages at diagnoses. Aim: To document the composite stage of breast cancer among Iraqi patients at the time of diagnosis; correlating the observed findings with other clinical and pathological parameters at presentation. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study enrolling the clinical and pathological characteristics of 603 Iraqi female patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The composite stage of breast cancer was determined according to UICC TNM Classification System of Breast Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging. The studied parameters comprised age of the patient, stage of the disease, marital and educational status, history of lactation and hormonal intake (for a minimum period of 6 months), family history of breast or any other cancer, the effected breast side, hormone (Estrogen and Progesterone) receptor (ER, PR) and Her2 contents of the primary cancer. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate the recorded composite stages at diagnosis with the corresponding clinical and pathological data utilizing SPSS version 16.0 statistical program. Results: Out of 603 patients, seven (1.2%) had ductal carcinoma in situ (Stage 0). Stages I, II and III and IV were documented in 9.5%, 47.1%, 33.2% and 9.1% of the patients at the time of diagnoses. Overall 70.8% of patients presented in the age group (40-59 years), 79.3% were married and 32.2% were highly educated. History of lactation, hormonal intake, family breast cancer and contralateral breast involvement was observed in 73.4%, 26.5%, 20.2% and 6.5% respectively. No correlation was elicited between the stage of breast cancer and the age of the patients, history of lactation or contralateral breast involvement. On the other hand, significant associations were demonstrated with respect to the marital and educational status, history of hormonal intake and breast cancer in the family. Immuno-histochemical evaluation revealed ER+PR+Her2+ (Triple Positive/Luminal B), ER-PR-Her2- (Triple Negative), ER+PR+Her2- (Luminal A) and ER-PR-Her2+ (Her2) subtypes in 13.4%, 11.8%, 48.2% and 9.8% of the examined breast samples respectively. When correlating the composite stage at diagnosing breast cancer with the corresponding subtypes the relationship was highly significant at p<0.01. Conclusions and Recommendations: The study reports a regression in Stage IV breast cancer at the time of initial presentation among Iraqi patients specifically in those with family history of the disease; pointing out to the fruitful outputs of initiating the National Program for Early Detection of Breast Cancer in the country. Further professional efforts, endorsed by practical policy decisions, are recommended to down stage breast cancer through promoting evidence based protocol guidelines and adopting comprehensive well designed diagnostic, screening and cancer control strategies.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 22 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Geometry, and Normal Modes of Vibration (3N-6) for Di and Tetra-Rings Layer (6, 0) Linear (Zigzag) SWCNTs; A DFT Treatment
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            Density Functional Theory (DFT) method of the type (B3LYP) and a Gaussian basis set (6-311G) were applied for calculating the vibration frequencies and absorption intensities for normal coordinates (3N-6) at the equilibrium geometry of the Di and Tetra-rings layer (6, 0) zigzag single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by using Gaussian-09 program. Both were found to have the same symmetry of D6d point group with C--C bond alternation in all tube rings (for axial bonds, which are the vertical C--Ca bonds in rings layer and for circumferential bonds C—Cc in the outer and mid rings bonds). Assignments of the modes of vibration IR active and inactive vibration frequ

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2019
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research - Granthaalayah
MULTIPLE MIXING RATIOS OF GAMMA RAY TRANSITIONS FROM 𝟔𝟎𝐍𝐝 𝟏𝟒𝟐− 𝟏𝟓𝟎 (𝐧, 𝐧 ˊ𝛄) 𝟔𝟎𝐍𝐝 𝟏𝟒𝟐− 𝟏𝟓𝟎 REACTION USING 𝒂𝟐- RATIO METHOD
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In the current work, the mixing ratios ( 𝛿 ) of gamma transitions were calculated from energy levels in the isotopes neodymium 60𝑁𝑎 142−150 populated in the 60Nd 142− 150 (n, n ˊγ) 60Nd 142− 150 using the 𝑎2 ratio method. We used the experimental coefficient (𝑎2 ) for two γ-transitions from the initial state itself, the statistical tensor 𝜌2(𝐽𝑖), associated with factor 𝑎2 , would be the same for the two transitions. The results obtained are in good agreement or within the experimental error with -those previously published. And existing contradictions resulting from inaccuracies in the empirical results of previous work. The current results confirm that the , 𝑎2 − method is used to calculate th

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Lecture Notes In Mechanical Engineering
Development and Validation of a Free Piston Engine Linear Generator Simulation Model Including Cycle-To-Cycle Variation and Ignition Timing Sub-Models
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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Metal Complexes of Multidentate N<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub> Heterocyclic Schiff-base Ligands;Formation, Structural Characterisation and Biological Activity
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Abstract<p>The synthesis of ligands with N<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub> donor sets that include imine, an amide, thioether, thiolate moieties and their metal complexes were achieved. The new Schiff-base ligands; N-(2-((2,4-diphenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-((2-mercaptoethyl)thio)-acetamide (H<sub>2</sub>L<sup>1</sup>) and N-(2-((2,4-di-p-tolyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-((2-mercaptoethyl)thio) acetamide (H2L<sup>2</sup>) were obtained from the reaction of amine precursors with 1,4-dithian-2-one in the presence of triethylamine as a base in the CHCl3 medium. Complexes of the general formula K<sub>2<</sub></p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed May 10 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Synthesis, Characterization and Analytical Study of Metal Complexes Derived from 1,2-Bis-(4´-Amino-2´,3´- Dimethyl-1´- Phenyl-Pyrazolinyl)- Diimino Ethane
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       Six transition metal complexes of Cr (III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) were prepared using 1,2-bis -(4-Amino-2,3-dimethyl-1- phenyl-pyrazolinyl)-diimino ethane(L) as ligand.  These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, UV/VIS and FT-IR spectroscopy. These data showed that the solid complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Zn(II) were tetrahedral geometry, and Cr(III) was octahedral while the symmetry around  Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions with the new ligand were square planar of the formula [ML]Cl2 ,  M=Ni(II) and Cu(II).        

      A simple method for the determina

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Citrus aurantifolia Seed Extracts In Some Bacteria Isolated From Burns Infections: Suaad K. Ibrahim|Ilham S. Banno|Sawsan M. Abdella
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The present study was carried to evaluate antibacterial activity of Acetone, Alcholic (cold and hot) and Aqueaus(water) extracts of Citrus aurantifoliaseeds,against growth of some bacteria isolated from burns infections(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumonia,Staphylococcusaureus)fromKindy HospitalIn Baghdad from March to June 2012.Antibiotic Sensitivity was done for all isolated bacteria used in this study.Results showed variation in antibacterial activity of different extracts against all tested bacteria by well diffusion technique in agar and measuring the diameter of inhibition zone, at concentration 250Mg-ml. Acetone extract had the greatest inhibitory effect followed by hot alcoholci extract, and then cold alcohol

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 18 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Light Induced Hydrogen Production From Ethanolic Aqueous Solutions Sensitizzed By 2,4-Dimetboxy Benzylidene-2- Hydroxy Aniline And Some of Its Metal Complexes
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Hydrogen   productions  were  achieved    by  irradiating  ethanol ic aqueous solutions (20%. v/v) containing  mixtures of  the  ligand  2,4- dimethoxybcnzylidene-2-hydroxy    aniline     (HL)     or    one    of     i ts complexes  (ML2)   wi th  the  following  divalent  ions:  fVbl  (II),  Fc(IT), Co(II). Ni( rt ), Cu(H) and  Zn (11), as photosensi1izers, methyl  viol ogen (MY.:-)    as   electron   acceptor.  ethylene    diamine &nbsp

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 06 1996
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis of new Schiff bases derived from [3-amino-3-C-cyano-3-deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-allofuranose
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Aromatic Schiff-bases are known to have antibacterial activity, but most of these compounds are sparingly soluble in water. The present work describes the synthesis of new Schiff-bases derived from branched aminosugars. Treatment of 3-Amino-3-Cyano-3-Deoxy-1,2:5,6-Di-O-Isopropylene-α-D-Allofuranose (1) with the aldehydes (2) under reflux in methanol afforded the Schiff-bases (3) in good yields. The new Schiff-bases were in accord with their NMR, IR spectral data and elemental analysis.

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 08 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Inorganic And Organometallic Polymers And Materials
Schiff-Base System of Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked Chitosan-Algae-Montmorillonite Clay K10 Biocomposite: Adsorption Mechanism and Optimized Removal for Methyl Violet 2B Dye
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2024
Journal Name
Innovative Food Science &amp; Emerging Technologies
Non-thermal pasteurization of milk by elongated electrode moderate electrical field: Chemical and sensory analysis during cold storage and shelf-life determination
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