The purpose of my thesis is to prepare four new ligands (L1-L4) that have been used to prepare a series of metal complexes by reacting them with metal ions: M=(Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) Where succinyl chloride was used as a raw material for the preparation of bi-dented ligands (L1-L4) by reacting it with potassium thiocyanate as a first step and then reacting with (2-aminobenzothiazole, Benzylamine, 4-aminoantipyrine, Sulfamethoxazole) respectively as a second step with the use of dry acetone as a solvent, the chemical formula of the four ligands prepared in succession: N1,N4-bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)succinamide (L1) N1,N4-bis(benzylcarbamothioyl)succinamide (L2) N1,N4-bis((1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) carbamothioyl)succinamide (L3) N1,N4-bis((4-(N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)sulfamoyl) phenyl) carbamo thioyl) succinamide (L4) The new ligands were identified using spectroscopic measurements that included (FT-IR spectra, UV-Vis spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13CNMR) spectra, mass spectra, elemental analysis (C.H.N.S), and thermal analysis (TGA&DSC), as the results of the measurements proved to be identical to the proposed molecular formula for these ligands. A series of metal complexes for ligands was also prepared, which included seven complexes for each ligand, by adding each of the metal ions to the four ligands prepared in succession to produce the following molecular formulas: - [M2(L)Cl4] , L= L1, L2, L3, L4 (M= Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II)) The prepared complexes were diagnosed by several techniques, including the study of the infrared spectra of the prepared complexes, and when comparing those spectra with the spectra of each of the four ligands prepared in the free form, these gave clear changes, including the emergence of a new band within the fingerprint area. It was not originally present in the spectra of ligands in their free form, and this is due to the occurrence of coordination between the metal ions under study and the donor atoms, which are the oxygen atom of the (C=O) group, and the sulfur atom of the (C=S) group in the ligands. (L1-L4), while other distinct bands were obtained with clear changes in shape, intensity, and location, and this is an indication of the occurrence of a coordination process between the metal ions under study and the four prepared ligands. The percentage of metal ions in the prepared complexes was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, where it was shown from the careful analysis of the elements the great agreement between the percentages calculated theoretically and obtained practically. The magnetic sensitivity results showed that some of the prepared metallic complexes have paramagnetic properties. The measurements of the molar conductivity of the prepared complexes dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 1×10-3 M and at the laboratory temperature showed that they are of a non-electrolytic nature. The prepared complexes were also studied through solubility, melting point, and ultraviolet-visible techniques, and through the data of all the aforementioned techniques, structural formulas were proposed for the prepared complexes, through which it was found that the prepared ligands are bivalve chelating ligands that lead to their participation as ligand into complexes with a tetrahedral geometric shape for all metallic complexes under study. The research included a study evaluating the antioxidant activity of some selected metal complexes by studying the amount of radical scavenging of DPPH* compared to ascorbic acid as an antioxidant reference agent. The zinc complex showed higher activity than the nickel complex compared to standard ascorbic acid. The [Cu2(L1)Cl4] and [Co2(L1)Cl4] complexes were also tested as antibodies to inhibit the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and compared with the normal cell line (HdFn), where the copper complex showed the ability to inhibit the cancerous cell line compared with the cobalt complex. The molecular binding of ligands (L3) and (L4) was also studied, and their possibility of using them as drugs in the treatment of some diseases, where the ligand L3 showed better association with the active site of the enzyme than the ligand L4, and is expected to highest antimicrobial effect. Finally, the biological effect of the prepared ligands and some of their complexes on the growth of two types of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, was studied using DMSO solvent, where the complexes showed greater activity than the ligands against the selected types of bacteria.
Plastic soil exhibits unfavorited geotechnical properties (when saturation), which causes negative defects to engineering structures. Different attempts (included various materials) were conducted to proffer solutions to such defects by experimenting in practical ways. On one hand, these attempts aimed to improve the engineering characteristics of plastic soil, and on the other hand, to use problematic waste materials as a stabilizer, like cement kiln dust, and to reduce environmental hazards. This paper explored the shrinkage, plasticity, and strength behavior of plastic soil enhanced with cement dust. The cement dust contents were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by dry weight of soil. An experimental series of shrinkage and p
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Linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression are the most widely used in multivariate statistical methods for analysis of data with categorical outcome variables .Both of them are appropriate for the development of linear classification models .linear discriminant analysis has been that the data of explanatory variables must be distributed multivariate normal distribution. While logistic regression no assumptions on the distribution of the explanatory data. Hence ,It is assumed that logistic regression is the more flexible and more robust method in case of violations of these assumptions.
In this paper we have been focus for the comparison between three forms for classification data belongs
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In folk medicine there are various medicinal amalgamation possessing hepatoprotective activity. This activity is of significance because several toxins cause liver injury. Hence, many pharmaceutical companies are targeting herbal medicines for the treatment of liver abnormalities and towards evolving a safe and effective formulation with desired route of administration. In current review we have focused on the studies showing hepatoprotective effect using marine compounds and plant derived compounds. Liver disorder, a global health problem, usually include acute or chronic hepatitis, heptoses, and cirrhosis. It may be due to toxic chemicals and certain antibiotics. Uncontrolled consumption of alcohol also affects liver in an unhealthy wa
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The problem of the study and its significance:
Due to the increasing pressures of life continually, and constant quest behind materialism necessary and frustrations that confront us daily in general, the greater the emergence of a number of cases of disease organic roots psychological causing them because of severity of a lack of response to conventional treatments (drugs), and this is creating in patients a number of emotional disorders resulting from concern the risk of disease
That is interested psychologists and doctors searchin
... Show MoreThe present work aimed to study the efficiency of thermal osmosis process for recovery of water from organic wastewater solution and study the factors affecting the performance of the osmosis cell. The driving force in the thermo osmosis cell is provided by a difference in temperature across the membrane sides between the draw and feed solution. In this research used a cellulose triacetate (CTA), as flat sheet membranes for treatment of organic wastewater under orientation membrane of active layer facing feed solution (FS) and draw solution (DS) is placed against the support layer. The organic materials were phenol, toluene, xylene and BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene) used as feed solution. The osmotic agent in draw solution was
... Show MoreIn this work, Pure and Cu: doped titanium dioxide nano-powder was prepared through a solid-state method. the dopant concentration [Cu/TiO2 in atomic percentage (wt%)] is derived from 0 to 7 wt.%. structural properties of the samples performed with XRD revealed all nanopowders are of titanium dioxide having polycrystalline nature. Physical and Morphological studies were conducted using a scanning electronic microscope SEM test instrument to confirm the grain size and texture. The other properties of samples were examined using an optical microscope, Lee's Disc, Shore D hardness instrument, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results showed that the thermal conductivity
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The present work deals with an experimental investigation of charging and discharging processes in thermal storage system using a phase change material PCM. Paraffin wax was used as the PCM which is formed in spherical capsules and packed in a cylindrical packed column which acted as an energy storage system. Air was used as the heat transfer fluid HTF in thermal storage unit. The effect of flow rate and inlet temperature of HTF on the time of charging and discharging process were studied. The results showed that the faster storage of thermal energy can be made by high flow rate of heat transfer fluid HTF and high inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid. It was found that at 65°C HTF inlet temperature, the melting and solidification pr
... Show MoreThis research investigated the effect of adding two groups of reinforcement materials, including bioactive materials Hydroxyapatite (HA) and halloysite nanoclay and bioinert materials Alumina (AL2O3) and Zirconia (ZrO2), each of them with various weight ratios (1,2,3,4 &5)% to the polymer matrix PMMA. The best ratios were selected, and then a hybrid was preparing Composite red from the best ratios from each group. Thermal properties, including thermal conductivity and Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) technology, have been studied. The results showed that adding 3% Hydroxyapatite (HA) and 5% halloysite nanoclay to the polymethacrylate (PMMA) mer leads to an increase in thermal conductivity. It was also found from the Thermomechanical Analysis
... Show MoreThis research explores the use of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) as a conductive medium for sodium ions in sodium‐ion batteries, presenting a possible alternative to traditional lithium‐ion battery technology. The researchers prepare SPEs with varying molecular weight ratios of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and sodium tetrafluoroborate (NaBF4) using a solution casting method with dimethyl formamide as the solvent. Through optical absorbance measurements, we identified the PAN:NaBF4 (80:20) SPE composition as having the lowest energy band gap value (4.48 eV). This composition also exhibits high thermal stability based on thermogravimetric analysis results. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy re
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In this study, polymeric coating was developed by incorporating nano graphene in the polymer blend with applications to oil storage tanks. The oil storage tanks samples were brought from the oil Pipeline Company / Doura refinery in Baghdad. The coating polymer was formed with a blend (epoxy resin and repcoat ZR). The proportion of mixing the mixture was 3:1:1 epoxy resin 21.06 gm: repcoat ZR 10.53 gm: hardener 10.53 gm. The blend/graphene was prepared using in stui-polymerization method with different weight percentage 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt % added to blend. The resulting solution was put in a glass tube on a magnetic stirrer for one hour at a temperature of 40 °C. The result of contact angle and wate
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