The purpose of my thesis is to prepare four new ligands (L1-L4) that have been used to prepare a series of metal complexes by reacting them with metal ions: M=(Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) Where succinyl chloride was used as a raw material for the preparation of bi-dented ligands (L1-L4) by reacting it with potassium thiocyanate as a first step and then reacting with (2-aminobenzothiazole, Benzylamine, 4-aminoantipyrine, Sulfamethoxazole) respectively as a second step with the use of dry acetone as a solvent, the chemical formula of the four ligands prepared in succession: N1,N4-bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)succinamide (L1) N1,N4-bis(benzylcarbamothioyl)succinamide (L2) N1,N4-bis((1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) carbamothioyl)succinamide (L3) N1,N4-bis((4-(N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)sulfamoyl) phenyl) carbamo thioyl) succinamide (L4) The new ligands were identified using spectroscopic measurements that included (FT-IR spectra, UV-Vis spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13CNMR) spectra, mass spectra, elemental analysis (C.H.N.S), and thermal analysis (TGA&DSC), as the results of the measurements proved to be identical to the proposed molecular formula for these ligands. A series of metal complexes for ligands was also prepared, which included seven complexes for each ligand, by adding each of the metal ions to the four ligands prepared in succession to produce the following molecular formulas: - [M2(L)Cl4] , L= L1, L2, L3, L4 (M= Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II)) The prepared complexes were diagnosed by several techniques, including the study of the infrared spectra of the prepared complexes, and when comparing those spectra with the spectra of each of the four ligands prepared in the free form, these gave clear changes, including the emergence of a new band within the fingerprint area. It was not originally present in the spectra of ligands in their free form, and this is due to the occurrence of coordination between the metal ions under study and the donor atoms, which are the oxygen atom of the (C=O) group, and the sulfur atom of the (C=S) group in the ligands. (L1-L4), while other distinct bands were obtained with clear changes in shape, intensity, and location, and this is an indication of the occurrence of a coordination process between the metal ions under study and the four prepared ligands. The percentage of metal ions in the prepared complexes was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, where it was shown from the careful analysis of the elements the great agreement between the percentages calculated theoretically and obtained practically. The magnetic sensitivity results showed that some of the prepared metallic complexes have paramagnetic properties. The measurements of the molar conductivity of the prepared complexes dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 1×10-3 M and at the laboratory temperature showed that they are of a non-electrolytic nature. The prepared complexes were also studied through solubility, melting point, and ultraviolet-visible techniques, and through the data of all the aforementioned techniques, structural formulas were proposed for the prepared complexes, through which it was found that the prepared ligands are bivalve chelating ligands that lead to their participation as ligand into complexes with a tetrahedral geometric shape for all metallic complexes under study. The research included a study evaluating the antioxidant activity of some selected metal complexes by studying the amount of radical scavenging of DPPH* compared to ascorbic acid as an antioxidant reference agent. The zinc complex showed higher activity than the nickel complex compared to standard ascorbic acid. The [Cu2(L1)Cl4] and [Co2(L1)Cl4] complexes were also tested as antibodies to inhibit the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and compared with the normal cell line (HdFn), where the copper complex showed the ability to inhibit the cancerous cell line compared with the cobalt complex. The molecular binding of ligands (L3) and (L4) was also studied, and their possibility of using them as drugs in the treatment of some diseases, where the ligand L3 showed better association with the active site of the enzyme than the ligand L4, and is expected to highest antimicrobial effect. Finally, the biological effect of the prepared ligands and some of their complexes on the growth of two types of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, was studied using DMSO solvent, where the complexes showed greater activity than the ligands against the selected types of bacteria.
An innovative desalination method called electrosorption or capacitive deionization (CDI) has significant benefits for wastewater treatment. This process is performed by using a carbon fiber electrode as a working electrode to remove hexavalent chromium ions from an aqueous solution. The pH, NaCl concentration, and cell voltage were optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design (BDD) in response surface methodology (RSM) to study the effects and interactions of selected variables. To attain the relationship between the process variables and chromium removal, the experimental data were subjected to an analysis of variance and fitted with a quadratic model. The optimum conditions to remove Cr(VI) ions were: pH of 2, a cell voltage of 4.
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Many biochemical and physiological properties depend on the size of ions and the thermodynamic quantities of ion hydration. The diffusion coefficient (D) of lanthanide (III) ions (Ln+3) in solution assumed (1.558-1.618 ×10−9 m2 s−1) by Einstein–Smoluchowski relation. The association constant (KA) of Ln+3 ions was calculated (210.3-215.3 dm3 mole-1) using the Shedlovsky method, and the hydrodynamic radius calculated (1.515-1.569 ×10−10 m) by the Stokes-Einstein equation. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔGo, ΔSo) also calculated by used suitable relations, while ΔHo, values are obtained from the lit
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By using governing differential equation and the Rayleigh-Ritz method of minimizing the total potential energy of a thermoelastic structural system of isotropic thermoelastic thin plates, thermal buckling equations were established for rectangular plate with different fixing edge conditions and with different aspect ratio. The strain energy stored in a plate element due to bending, mid-plane thermal force and thermal bending was obtained. Three types of thermal distribution have been considered these are: uniform temperature, linear distribution and non-linear thermal distribution across thickness. It is observed that the buckling strength enhanced considerably by additional clamping of edges. Also, the thermal buckling temperatures and
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Abstract
Metal cutting processes still represent the largest class of manufacturing operations. Turning is the most commonly employed material removal process. This research focuses on analysis of the thermal field of the oblique machining process. Finite element method (FEM) software DEFORM 3D V10.2 was used together with experimental work carried out using infrared image equipment, which include both hardware and software simulations. The thermal experiments are conducted with AA6063-T6, using different tool obliquity, cutting speeds and feed rates. The results show that the temperature relatively decreased when tool obliquity increases at different cutting speeds and feed rates, also it
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A new series of ?-D-glucose as Schiff bases derivatives is synthesized and characterized with studying their bioactivity. Hydroxyl groups at C (1,2&5,6) sugar moiety are converted into acetal form through a reaction with dry acetone using phosphoric acid and anhydrous zinc chloride as catalysts producing 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropyledine ?-D-glucofuranose(I). The five memberd ring acetal of C(5,6) is hydrolyzed with acetic acid (65%)and a reaction of the new product with sodium periodate is carried on to get an aldehyde moiety which is used to produce a new series of Schiff bases through reacting with different amino compounds such as 4-amino antipyrene . The suggested chemical structures of the prepared compounds are confirmed by u
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A new series of ?-D-glucose as Schiff bases derivatives is synthesized and characterized with studying their bioactivity. Hydroxyl groups at C (1,2&5,6) sugar moiety are converted into acetal form through a reaction with dry acetone using phosphoric acid and anhydrous zinc chloride as catalysts producing 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropyledine ?-D-glucofuranose(I). The five memberd ring acetal of C(5,6) is hydrolyzed with acetic acid (65%)and a reaction of the new product with sodium periodate is carried on to get an aldehyde moiety which is used to produce a new series of Schiff bases through reacting with different amino compounds such as 4-amino antipyrene . The suggested chemical structures of the prepared compounds are confirmed by using UV., FT
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Population growth and economic and industrial development coupled have significantly accelerated the rate of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes, particularly in developing countries, so finding optimum ways to observe these change has become a pressing issue. Quantification evaluation of these changes is crucial to comprehend and oversee land management conversion, therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the accuracy of various algorithms for LULC classification to determine the most effective classifier for Earth observation applications. The performance of Maximum Likelihood (ML), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) was examined in this study, based on Sentinel 2A satellite images. T
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