Radiotherapy is medical use of ionizing radiation, and commonly applied to the cancerous tumor because of its ability to control cell growth. The amount of radiation used in photon radiation therapy called dose (measured in grey unit), which depend on the type and stage of cancer being treated. In our work, we studied the dose distribution given to the tumor at different depths (zero-20 cm) treated with different field size (4×4- 23×23 cm). Results show that the deeper treated area has less dose rate at the same beam quality and quantity. Also it has been noted increasing in the field increasing in the depth dose at the same depth even if the radiation energy is constant. Increasing in radiation dose attributed to the scattered radiation, which is expected, proportionately with increase in the beam size. The aim of work studies the relationship between the depth dose and the radiation source beam size
Estimation of the tail index parameter of a one - parameter Pareto model has wide important by the researchers because it has awide application in the econometrics science and reliability theorem.
Here we introduce anew estimator of "generalized median" type and compare it with the methods of Moments and Maximum likelihood by using the criteria, mean square error.
The estimator of generalized median type performing best over all.
Low-intensity laser irradiation has been explored as an alternative, non-invasive method to encourage chronic wounds to heal. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low level laser therapy (biostimulation) using semiconductor diode laser with wavelength (785 nm) on the enhancement of chronic wound healing. Fifty patients with chronic wounds were selected to be treated with Low Level Laser Therapy. Their ages ranged between 1 to 76 years. The wound sites were distributed in the lower limb, upper limb, trunk , perineum and head (70%,14%,12%,2%,2%, respectively). Application of laser therapy by noncontact method few millimeters from the skin for 15 minutes per one session twice weekly for two months ; ie,16 sessions for each patient. R
... Show MoreBackground: This study aimed to compare the surface microhardness (MH) and mineral content of white spot lesions(WSLs) after using bioactive glass (BAG)casein phosphopep-tides-amorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP),and nanohydroxyapatite(Nano-HAP) under pHcycling. Material and method:18 sound maxillary first premolar were used for the study.10 were selected for the vickers microhardness test, For Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX), the remaining 8 premolar teeth were used, 40 sections of enamel blocks (Four from each tooth) were produced from the middle part of the buccal and palatal surfaces of teeth for MH test while 48 sections of enamel blocks (Six from each tooth) were produced for EDX analysis. Enamel slabs were
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The aim of this research is to identify the effect of Webinar technique on digital culture in the College of Education for pure sciences at Ibin Haitham, University of Baghdad. The research samples consisted of (68) male and female students from the Chemistry Department who are following classes during the (2019- 2020) academic year. The samples represent (42%) of the total number of (162) students split into control and experimental groups. For this purpose, the scientific contents for testing were determined. The experimental part is based on analysis of the results from experiments in (preliminary standard solutions, refractive index, Beer-Lambert law). To achieve the aim of the research in testing the measure of student's digital cultur
... Show MoreBackground: This study aimed to compare the surface microhardness (MH) and mineral content of white spot lesions(WSLs) after using bioactive glass (BAG)casein phosphopep-tides-amorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP),and nanohydroxyapatite(Nano-HAP) under pHcycling. Material and method:18 sound maxillary first premolar were used for the study.10 were selected for the vickers microhardness test, For Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX), the remaining 8 premolar teeth were used, 40 sections of enamel blocks (Four from each tooth) were produced from the middle part of the buccal and palatal surfaces of teeth for MH test while 48 sections of enamel blocks (Six from each tooth) were produced for EDX analysis. Enamel slabs were divi
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Aleppo bentonite was investigated to remove ciprofloxacin hydrochloride from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the several factors affecting the removal process, including contact time, pH of solution, bentonite dosage, ion strength, and temperature. The optimum contact time, pH of solution and bentonite dosage were determined to be 60 minutes, 6 and 0.15 g/50 ml, respectively. The bentonite efficiency in removing CIP decreased from 89.9% to 53.21% with increasing Ionic strength from 0 to 500mM, and it increased from 89% to 96.9% when the temperature increased from 298 to 318 K. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo second-order model was the best in describing the adsorption sys
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Due to the numerous motor and performance skills required of female students in futsal refereeing during college lessons, along with the constant need to reposition themselves and move within the playing field, continuous monitoring and repetition are essential to minimize potential errors during performance. These errors may arise from failing to assume the correct position or delays in signalling officiating gestures. Addressing this issue necessitated the implementation of an electronic program and supplementary tools—such as electronic games, scientific posters illustrating officiating signals, and other instructional aids—since these serve as guiding tools that direct individuals toward correct performance by distinguishing
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