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Dynamic Background Subtraction in Video Surveillance Using Color-Histogram and Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm with Cosine Similarity
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The background subtraction is a leading technique adopted for detecting the moving objects in video surveillance systems. Various background subtraction models have been applied to tackle different challenges in many surveillance environments. In this paper, we propose a model of pixel-based color-histogram and Fuzzy C-means (FCM) to obtain the background model using cosine similarity (CS) to measure the closeness between the current pixel and the background model and eventually determine the background and foreground pixel according to a tuned threshold. The performance of this model is benchmarked on CDnet2014 dynamic scenes dataset using statistical metrics. The results show a better performance against the state-of the art background subtraction models.

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 23 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Mental Health Nursing
Self and public stigma towards mental illnesses and its predictors among university students in 11 Arabic‐speaking countries: A multi‐site study
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Abstract<p>This study aimed to explore self and public stigma towards mental illness and associated factors among university students from 11 Arabic‐speaking countries. This cross‐sectional study included 4241 university students recruited from Oman, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Syria, Sudan, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Egypt. The participants completed three self‐administrative online questionnaires—Demographic Proforma (age, gender, family income, etc.), Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale and Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire. There was a significant difference in the average mean between the 11 countries (<italic>p</italic> < 0.01) based on</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The impact of moving the educational activities in the conservation of literary texts and the development of literary taste in the fifth grade students moral: The impact of moving the educational activities in the conservation of literary texts and the development of literary taste in the fifth grade students moral
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Abstract
The study was conducted in Baghdad and aimed to:
The impact of moving the educational activities in the conservation of literary
texts and the development of literary taste in the fifth grade students moral "by
verifying the validity of hypotheses Elsafreeten following forms:
The first hypothesis:
- There are no differences in women with statistical significance between means
of scores of students three experimental groups, the experimental group first
used upstream activities in the teaching material of literature and texts, the
second experimental group used the activities of building in the teaching
material itself and the experimental group the third use activities concluding
taught the same

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Publication Date
Mon May 20 2019
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Numerical Solution for Classical Optimal Control Problem Governing by Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equation via Galerkin Finite Element-Implicit method with Gradient Projection Method
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     This paper deals with the numerical solution of the discrete classical optimal control problem (DCOCP) governing by linear hyperbolic boundary value problem (LHBVP). The method which is used here consists of: the GFEIM " the Galerkin finite element method in space variable with the implicit finite difference method in time variable" to find the solution of the discrete state equation (DSE) and the solution of its corresponding discrete adjoint equation, where a discrete classical control (DCC) is given.  The gradient projection method with either the Armijo method (GPARM) or with the optimal method (GPOSM) is used to solve the minimization problem which is obtained from the necessary conditi

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 12 2023
Journal Name
Agbioforum
Assessing the Impacts of Consumer Awareness on Consumer Purchase Intention with Moderating Role of Product Label: Evidence from Consumers of Iraqi Manufacturing Firms
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Scopus
Publication Date
Thu Jul 10 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of different oral hygiene regimens on the quantity of cariogenic plaque on orthodontic bands with different attachments (A clinical photographic study)
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Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances impede the maintenance of oral hygiene and result in plaque accumulation leads to enamel demineralization caused by acids produced by bacteria. Studies on plaque control strategies in orthodontic populations are limited. This might be caused by difficulties in the quantitative evaluation of dental plaque because the teeth have various levels of bracket coverage, and different tooth sizes and malocclusions, making the traditional categorical indices complex. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of different hygiene protocols on plaque quantity on bands with different attachments. Materials and method: Twenty patients had four bands within the orthodontic appliance. Then randomly divided into

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Environmental Chemical Engineering
Green synthesis for novel sorbent of sand coated with (Ca/Al)-layered double hydroxide for the removal of toxic dye from aqueous environment
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Crossref (32)
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Chem Tech Research
Synthesis of New Selective Electrodes for the Determination of Metronidazole Benzoate (MNZB) Based on a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Combined With Poly Vinyl Chloride
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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2025
Journal Name
Radiology Case Reports
Intradural extra-medullary spinal cord tumor after dorso-lumbar spine fixation following 12th dorsal vertebra burst fracture: A case report with literature review
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2007
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Free Convective Heat Transfer with Different Sections Lengths Placed at the Exit of a Vertical Circular Tube subjected to a Constant Heat Flux
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A free convective heat transfer from the inside surface of a uniformly heated vertical circular tube has been experimentally investigated under a constant wall heat flux boundary condition for laminar air flow in the ranges of RaL from 6.9108 to 5109. The effect of the different sections (restrictions) lengths placed at the exit of the heated tube on the surface temperature distribution, the local and average heat transfer coefficients were examined. The experimental apparatus consists of aluminum circular tube with 900 mm length and 30 mm inside diameter (L/D=30). The exit sections (restrictions) were included circular tubes having the same inside diameter as the heated tube but with different lengths of

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 15 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Warning Messages of Jeanne DuPrau’sThe City of Ember to the World with Reference to Gil Kenan’s Film Adaptation: The Theory of Conspiracy
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The City of Ember is a very interesting novel that is although intended for young readers, have so many layers and messages that are misunderstood. In this research, both the novel and the film adaptation are studied with the intent to decode the warning messages that the novelist and the director tried to introduce to the audience. The research studies four vital messages; the first message is that history repeats itself for the novel has many allusions to the history of Jews and their painful holocaust and even goes back in history the days of Moses and the Exodus, the second message tackles the conspiracy theory that states nothing happens by accident and that everything is planned and connected hence comes the third message

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