Merging images is one of the most important technologies in remote sensing applications and geographic information systems. In this study, a simulation process using a camera for fused images by using resizing image for interpolation methods (nearest, bilinear and bicubic). Statistical techniques have been used as an efficient merging technique in the images integration process employing different models namely Local Mean Matching (LMM) and Regression Variable Substitution (RVS), and apply spatial frequency techniques include high pass filter additive method (HPFA).  Thus, in the current research, statistical measures have been used to check the quality of the merged images. This has been carried out by calculating the correlation a

Bending effects on the transmission of optical signal are investigated on a single mode
optical fiber (SMOF) of 10 m length, core radius of 5 μm and optical refractive index difference
0.003. The bending radii (R) were between 0.08 and 0.0015 m. A great decrease in the amplitude is
shown for radii below 0.01 m. Sudden break down occurs for radii less than 0.0015 m. Birefringence
(B) is difficult to measure for long fibers. Meanwhile, B was found by comparing with calibrated
fiber of the same properties but of length of 0.075 m. The results show an increase in propagation
constant (Δβ) and the decrease in beat length (Lb), and show that bending decreases the critical radius
of curvature (Rc) related to B. The chang

Polyaniline polymer has been prepared by chemical oxidation
polymerization method in laboratory successfully. The PANI and
(PVA+PVP) as a polymer blends in different percentage (30%, 50%,
70%) from Polyaniline was prepared. The sample was studies as
optical properties by UV-vis spectrophotometer at (400-700) nm.
The result of optical energy gap was 2.23 eV for pure (PVA+ PVP)
and with additive was increasing with increasing PANI concentration
to become (2.49 for 30% to 2.52 for 70%) PANI. The goal of this
project is prepare triple blend polymer and study the effect when add
conductive polymer (Polyaniline) on the optical properties and
calculate optical constant as energy gap, refractive index, dielectric

The alloys of CdSe1-xTex compound have been prepared from their elements successfully with high purity (99.9999%) which mixed stoichiometry ratio (x=0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) of (Cd, Se and Te) elements. Films of CdSe1-xTex alloys for different values of composition with thickness(0.5?m) have been prepared by thermal evaporation method at cleaned glass substrates which heated at (473K) under very low pressure (4×10-5mbar) at rate of deposition (3A?/s), after that thin films have been heat treated under low pressure (10-2mbar) at (523K) for two hours. The optical studies revealed that the absorption coefficient (?) is fairly high. It is found that the electronic transitions in the fundamental absorption edge tend to be allowed direct tr

In this work, the external switching dynamics of a Fabry-Perot etalon are studied via optical bistability system simulation. The simulated set-up of this investigation consists of two laser beams; the first beam is continuous (CW) which is considered as a biasing beam and capable of holding the bistable system for a certain range, which we are interested in, from a point that is very close self-switching to a point where the switching is unachievable. The second beam is modulated by passing the first beam through an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to produce pulses with a minimum rise time and is used as an external source (coherent switching). In this work, we obtained the optical bistable loops by applying absorption coefficient (α) =

   The research  includes the study and calculation of the modulation function of Optical Semiconductor Fractal  Modulator and spatial frequency for different values of Silicon modulator transmittance percentage(10%,35%,45%,58%),it found the relation between the modulation function of Silicon and spatial frequency, the exponential relation of all values of the transmittance , the best state of modulation function when the value of transmittance is T=58% ,also the research includes the study of the relation of transmittance with different values of refractive index of Silicon . So the research involves building a computer program of output data which would relate to fractal optical modulation made of semiconductor mate

In this work, a step-index fiber with core index  and cladding index  has been designed. Single-mode operation can be obtained by using a fiber with core diameters 4–13 µm operating at a wavelength of 1.31 µm and by 4–15 µm at 1.55 µm. The fundamental fiber mode properties such as phase constant, effective refractive index, mode radius, effective mode area and the power in the core were calculated. Distributions of the intensity and the amplitude were shown.

     Comsol multiphysics software is established to make a simulation that is comparable with experimental device. by utilizing comsol, the positive column domain of direct-current glow discharge with argon is considered for both of different applied voltage and working gas pressure. The calculations are exhibited by using a precise collision cross sections and Townsend coefficients for the argon. The impacts of voltage and pressure on the Debye length, number of particles in Debye sphere and plasma frequency are calculated and graphically delineated. With this regard to the dependence of plasma parameters on the applied voltage and pressure, some of them are found to be compatible with the experimental