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Comparison between MDDV and VADD routing protocols in VANET (Case Study)

Routing is the process of delivering a packet from a source to a destination in the network using a routing algorithm that tries to create an efficient path. The path should be created with minimum overhead and bandwidth consumption. In literature, routing protocols in VANET were categorized in many ways, according to different aspects. In the present study, we prefer the classification based on the number of hops to reach the destination node. In literature, these are single-hop and multi-hops protocols. We first discuss the two types and then compare the MDDV (multi-hops protocol) with VADD (single-hop protocol). The comparison is theoretically and experimentally implemented by providing a network environment consisting of SUMO, VIENS and INET++ libraries within OMNeT++ simulator. The code of each protocol is written in C++ language and integrated in the OMNeT++ simulator. Several evaluation measures are used including: throughput, end-to-end packet delay, packet delivery ratio, and goodput. Results reveal that none of these two protocols is ideal for all possible scenarios of VANET traffic. VADD protocol performs better for high vehicles density and high transmission rates, whereas MDDV protocol gives better performance for low density and low transmission rates.

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 24 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Evaluation Cytotoxic Effect of Nostoc sp. and Scenedesmus acuminatus Extracts on Cell Line Hep -2 in vitro

In this Study, isolate and identification two types of algae Scenedesmus acuminatus (Lag.) Chodat belonging to Division of green –algae and Nostoc sp. Of the belong to Division of cyanobacteria from fountain pool at the University of Al- Mustansiriya. Use culture medium Chu- 10 for growth of algae on batch culture in the laboratory conditions (25 ˚ c ±2 and light intensity 200 μE/m²/sec the light:dark regime was used 16:8 hrs). Harvested culture after fourteen days of age farm. Use methanol 95% to extract active compound from raw dry biomass, Tested the effectiveness of the efficiency of the cell extract toward the cell line (human larynx cancer) Hep-2 from biotechnology center at the University of Alnahrain university and differen

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The economic implications of the housing problem In Iraq and ways to address it - a theoretical research

The problem of housing in Iraq is a long-rooted and rooted problem, and it needs a great effort to find out its causes and thus give essential points that contribute to alleviating and addressing it, and it is worth noting that research into the housing problem and the housing sector in Iraq is not done in isolation from other sectors and studies. As well as the economic policies pursued and the social and political conditions. It is known that the Iraqi economy is a unilateral (rentier) economy, that is, it depends almost entirely on exporting oil and obtaining revenues, and that the economic decision and economic policies followed in Iraq are greatly affected by several factors, including the economic, social and political fact

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2012
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Effect of Metformin Therapy on Reducing Leptin Resistance and Enhancing Ovulation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: The relation between insulin resistance ,leptin levels and other hormones in women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is still controversial.Metformin therapy is proved effective in reducing insulin resistance and also in some studies it was seen to be effective in reducing leptin levels.
Al- Kindy Col Med J 2012 ; Vol .8 No. (2) p: 65
Objective: to study the effect of metformin on reducing leptin levels and enhancing ovulation in PCOS women.
Methods:metformin 500mg 3 times daily for 3 months was was given to 36 women
with proved PCOS, in addition to that, other parameters were included.
Results:28 women out of 36(77.78%) showed an evidence of ovulation ovulation after 3 months of metformin therapy(p<0.01)

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
The dramatic act and its transformations in the Iraqi theatrical show "Black Astronomy play as a sample"

The subject of the act and its transformations in the presentation is of great importance at the level of study, analysis and interpretation, and through that the researcher adopted the following title (The Dramatic Act and Its Transformations in the Iraqi Theatrical Show). The play of Black Astronomy was chosen as a sample for analysis, and the aim of the research came in order to achieve a special knowledge of the extent of the transformation that occurred between the dramatic structure of the act and theatrical embodiment and its multiple elements of operation in the Iraqi theatrical shows. It was limited to the show of the Iraqi theater in the year (2020) and included the theoretical framework that accommodated three sections. As for

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Constant and the Variable in the Aesthetic Image of the Theatrical Direction: حازم عبد المجيد إسماعيل

The theatre is one of the main pillars of the human aesthetic thinking as it contains logical explanations for the public human life aspects outside time and environment. When we find that the directive philosophical thinking moving away from the stylistic constants and the virtual laws in taboos that control the accomplishment in terms of the traditional shapes, the employment and the theatrical reception. Some directors moved in post-modernism concepts in a perceptive that liberates thought from its natural context in thinking into an innovative perceptive. The aesthetic images are the basic premise in the prohibition of the philosophical thinking interpretation in order to move the directive thinking and this movement depends on the v

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 08 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Estimation of Superoxide Dismutase, Matrix-metalloprotinase-9, and Interleukin -18 in Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus

Antioxidant status imbalance and inflammatory process are cooperative events involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate     superoxide dismutase as a potential biomarkers of antioxidant imbalance, matrix-metaloprotinase-9,   and interleukin -18  as biomarkers of inflammation in serum and to estimate  the effects of other confounding factors  gender, age and finally measuring the relation among the interested biomarkers.

This case - control study included 50 patients,   and   45 of  healthy subjects matched age –gender were also enrolled  in this study as a control group.    The   focused &nbsp

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 28 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Hydrochemical Evaluation of Surface and Groundwater in Khan Al-Baghdadi Area, Al- Anbar Province / West of Iraq

The hydrochemical study of the surface and groundwater in Khan AL-Baghdadi  area  included interpretation of physical, chemical and biological properties of 14 wells and 6  surface water samples collected from Euphrates River.. The study covered two periods representing dry and wet periods in October 2018 and April 2019, respectively. The surface water samples were characterized as slightly alkaline, fresh water, excessively mineralized, calcium-chloride type, and hard to very hard class. While the groundwater samples were characterized as slightly alkaline, brackish water, excessively mineralized, calcium-chloride and sodium-chloride type, and hard to very hard class. The assessment of water for irrigation purposes for bo

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 05 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Use of chickpea soaking water in dough fermentation and its effect on quality properties of loaf bread

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of chickpea soaked water as a substitute for yeast in dough fermentation and its effects on sensory properties of the laboratory loaf bread. Chickpea was soaked for 24,48 and 72 hours at room temperature and used in proportion with or without yeast in dough fermentation . The results revealed that , as the percentage of soaked chickpea water substitution increased, the volume of the produced loaf bread decreased as compared with the control treatment (only yeast ).Best results were obtained by using soaked chickpea water for 24 hours in proportion of 1:1 soaked chickpea water : yeast regarding the sensory properties ,volume and leavening of the loaf bread.
Keywords: chickpea so

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2024
Journal Name
Civil Engineering Journal
The Effect of Oil Contaminated on Collapse Pattern in Gypseous Soil Using Particle Image Velocimetry and Simulation

Gypseous soil covers approximately 30% of Iraqi lands and is widely used in geotechnical and construction engineering as it is. The demand for residential complexes has increased, so one of the significant challenges in studying gypsum soil due to its unique behavior is understanding its interaction with foundations, such as strip and square footing. This is because there is a lack of experiments that provide total displacement diagrams or failure envelopes, which are well-considered for non-problematic soil. The aim is to address a comprehensive understanding of the micromechanical properties of dry, saturated, and treated gypseous sandy soils and to analyze the interaction of strip base with this type of soil using particle image

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2024
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Assessment of Two Extraction Methods LLE and QUEChERS to Determine Pesticides Residues in Vegetables by Gas Chromatography
Abstract<p>The extraction of pesticides is a critical and urgent issue in the preparation for and determination of pesticide residues. The lack of a quick, easy, and successful extraction process is the most critical and challenging problem, even if diagnostic tools have improved and pesticide residues have been better understood. This study contrasted the QuEChERS method, which uses gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, with the LLE method, which uses liquid-liquid extraction, in order to extract pyridaben from cucumbers and spiromesifen from tomatoes. The GC-FID device was employed to ascertain the spiromesifen LOD and LOQ, which were 0.002 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> and 0.00</p> ... Show More
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