Introduction: Nitrofurantoin (NFT) is abroad spectrum bactericidal antibiotic. The bioavailability of NFT is affected by many factors. Samafurantin® tablets containing 50 mg NFT were manufactured by Samarra drug industry. Urinary excretion studies were employed since; the urinary tract is the main site of NFT action and excretion. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of Uricol® and food on secondary pharmacokinetic parameters of Samafurantin® tablets with different doses by applying urinary data. Methods: Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in this study. Urine samples were collected from each volunteer after overnight fasting at a specified time intervals which considered as a blank sample for measuring urine pH of urine. After that, volunteers were randomly divided into two groups (G1 and G2) each of six. Group 1 was administered 100 mg of NFT (Two tablets of 50 mg Samafurantin®) while, G2 was administered 200 mg of NFT (Four tablets of 50 mg Samafurantin®) as a single oral dose. Both groups administered the dose on an empty stomach (fasting), along with one Uricol® of 5 g sachet on fasting, and on full stomach after eating a standard breakfast after 1-week washout period between each experiment and another. For each experiment, urine samples were collected from each volunteer from 0.25 to 7 h post dosing. In addition, the volume of each void urine sample was measured. Results: Both groups (G1 and G2) showed only slight differences in the pH of urine after administration of Samafurantin® as compared with that of the blank. While, the pH of urine for both groups was higher after administration of Samafurantin® tablets along with Uricol® 5 g. In both groups, each of Uricol® and food exhibited no significant differences (P < 0.05) in secondary pharmacokinetic parameters of NFT; the rate constant of elimination (Kel) and absorption (Ka) and consequently their half-life (t0.5 el and t0.5 abs) as long as the drug followed first-order kinetics. While significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed for maximum excretion rate (ExRmax), cumulative amount excreted in urine (CAe) and CAe as percentage of the dose. This could be attributed to the pH-change of urine by Uricol® which alkalinized the urinary and kidney tract or delaying gastric emptying by food. Same observations were attained when comparing G1 with G2 after administration of NFT on fasting. Conclusions: Administration of Samafurantin® tablets at higher doses, along with Uricol® or with food increases secondary pharmacokinetic parameters related to the rate and extent of absorption and elimination without significant changes in their corresponding rate constants and half-lives. © 2018 Drug Invention Today.
Nicotine was separated from eggplant and green pepper seeds (Solanaceous) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The concentration of nicotine in the eggplant extract (0.871-0.877 μg/ml) was determined by injecting standard material with 0.5 and 1.5 μg/ml, while the concentrations of nicotine in green pepper extract (0.613-0.618 μg/ml) was determined when the standard material was injected with 0.5 and 1.5 μg/ml. The qualitative chemical data was calculated from derivations of the standard material. Nicotine concentration was measured qualitatively in both extracts through the calibration curve and method of the standard addition. This technique has high accuracy and compatibility, bringing the proportion of relati
... Show MoreABSTRACT: In this research SnO2 thin films have been prepared by using hot plate atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) on glass and Si (n-type) substrates at various temperatures. Optical properties have been measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometer, maximum transmittance about (94%) at 400 0C. Structure properties have been studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) , its shows that all films have a crystalline structure in nature and by increasing growth temperature from(350-500) 0C diffraction peaks becomes sharper and grain size has been change. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) uses to analyze the morphology of the Tine Oxides surface structure. Roughness & Root mean square for different temperature have been investigated. The r
... Show MoreA new Spectrophotometric method, is for individual and simultaneous determination of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CIP) and Mebeverin hydrochloride(MEB) by the first and second derivative mode techniques. The first and second derivative spectra of these compounds permitted individual and simultaneous determination of CIP and MEB in concentration range of (4-28μg/mL) by measuring the amplitude of peak- to- base line and the area under peak at selected spectrum intervals. The methods showed a reasonable precision and accuracy and have been applied to determine CIP and MEB in four different pharmaceutical preparations.
This work was conducted to study the extraction of eucalyptus oil from natural plants (Eucalyptus camadulensis leaves) by organic solvents. the effects of the main operating parameters were studied; type of solvent (n-hexane and ethanol), time to reach equilibrium, the temperature (45°C to 65°C) for n-hexane and (45°C to 75°C) for ethanol, solvent to solid ratio (5:1 to 8:1 (v/w)), agitation speed (0 to 900 rpm) and the particle size (0.5 to 2.5 cm) of fresh leaves to find the best processing conditions for the achieving maximum oil yield. The concentration of eucalyptus oil in solvent was measured by using UV-spectrophotometer. The results (for n-hexane) showed that the agitation speed of 900 rpm, temperature 65°C with solvent to soli
... Show MoreLactococcus lactis ssp. lactis isolated from raw milk was used for titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles biosynthesis. Biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (1.97 nm), X-ray diffraction (XRD) appa-ratus, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray anal-ysis (EDX) spectra and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Result was 408.21 cm-1 that belong to anatase Titania. L. lactis ssp. Lactis isolates had the ability to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles, the characterization results presented that the biosynthesized nanoparti-cles were at wavelength (344-347) nm; approving the formation of anatase phase of TiO2 NPs; spherical c
... Show More“Orodispersible Tablet†a tablet that is to be placed in oral cavity where it disperses rapidly by saliva with no need for water before swallowing. Zaltoprofen (ZLP) is one of NSAIDs which is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis as well as to relieve inflammation and pain after surgery, injury and tooth extraction. The present study was aimed to prepare rapidly dissolved lyophilized Zaltoprofen tablet with different pharmaceutical excipients and studying the factors affecting pharmaceutical properties like (solubility, disintegration time DT, dissolution, etc.) of tablets. The lyophilized disintegrating tablets (LDTs) were prepared using Zydis technique by lyophilization an aqueous
... Show MoreIn this paper, the path of the extracted and focused ions by the electrostatic lense having three electrodes of the same size and shape have been studied. However, the first and third electrodes had a different potential from the second electrode and the distance between any three electrodes was (d).The beams of the charged particles were controlled by using electrostatic fields which are used for accelerating and focusing. This paper focuses also on the effect of electrodes potentials on ion beam focusing. It is found that the best focusing was achieved when the values of the potential of the first and third electrode are equal to half of the value of the second electrode. Concerning transmiting and acumulating the ions beams, the study sh
... Show MoreIn this work we experimentally investigated SWCNTs and MWCNTs to increase their thermal conductivity and electrically functionalization process using different reagents ((nitric acid, HNO3 followed by acid treatment with H2SO4), then washed with deionized water (DW) and then treated with H2O2 via ultrasonic technique. Then repeated the steps with MWCNTs and compare their results in an effort to improve experimental conditions that efficiently differentiate the surface of the single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi walled carbon nanotubesi(MWCNTs) that less nanotubes destroy and to enhance the properties of them and also to reduce aggregation in liquid. the results were prove by XRD, and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR sp
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