Experts have given much attention on the use of waste in asphalt paving because of its significance from a sustainability perspective. This paper evaluated the performance properties of asphalt concrete mixes modified with Crumb Rubber (CR) as a partial replacement for two grade sizes of fine aggregate (2.36, and 0.3 mm) at six replacement rates: 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% by weight. Asphalt concrete mixes were prepared at their Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) and then tested for their engineering properties. Marshall properties, fatigue, rutting, ideal CT index test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were deployed to examine the crystalline structure and elemental composition of the CR-modified and unmodified asphalt concrete mixtures. The results showed a difference in Marshall's characteristics. The CT index revealed that the optimum cracking tolerance was achieved with a 2% CR substitution. Wheel track test results indicated that a 4% CR addition improved the rutting resistance of the asphalt mixture. SEM and EDX analyses exhibited significant changes in microstructure and elemental composition with the addition of CR. The main findings reveal that the use of 2% CR as a partial replacement of fine aggregate contributes to the production of more durable asphalt concrete mixtures with better serviceability. However, these results are based on laboratory experiments and require field verification to ensure practical applicability and long-term performance.
The road network in Surdash anticline is considered as an important road network connecting lower Dukan town with the touristic upper Dukan town. Dukan lake plays an important role in the social and economic activities of Dukan town and the surrounding areas.
For assessing the stability of the rock slopes in the area, 9 stations were selected along the upper Dukan road on both sides of Surdash anticline, and their stability was evaluated by the kinematic analysis using DIPS V6.008 software.
Kinematic analysis of the studied stations shows thatplanar sliding is possible in stations No. 1, 2, 3 and 8, while wedge sliding is possible in station No. 5, 6, 7 and 9b. The other stations (No. 4and 9a) are stable. Tectonic structures
Pregnancy and delivery are physiological conditions that are marked by abrupt alterations to hormones, immunological and molecular characters. The current study aimed to evaluate oxytocin (OT), prolactin (PRL), cortisol and insulin growth factor-2 (IGF-2) levels as physiological biomarkers; programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1),interleukin-6 (IL-6) as immunological biomarkers, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs53576 and rs2254298) of oxytocin receptor gene OXTR as molecular factors in samples of Iraqi women undergoing caesarean section (CS) and normal delivery (ND). Blood samples were collected from 96 pregnant women at term with ages ranging between 16-43 years. Regarding
... Show MoreIn this study an illustrated key for the identification of the Iraqi species of the genus Chalcophorella Kerr. is given with information about general distribution for each species. Information is also given about period of collection, plants on which the specimens were collected. The real host plant if they are available and known are also given referring to the previous works.
The research acquires its importance by motivating the behavioural side of the employees to apply modern technology in the work, because of its great importance in increasing the efficiency of employees’ performance and excellence. The research was based on two main hypotheses to show the relationship and impact between the variables through the adoption of a questionnaire to collect data and information related to the research, which consisted of (50) people from administrators working at different levels, based on personal interviews and field visits to collect research data. The data collection process was subjected to statistical analysis using the statistical program (SPSS) (Statistical package for social science) to reach
... Show MoreImportance of accounting standards belong to be the instructor and the advisor for accountant in performing his work . For each invironment a group of political, social, economical and cultural factors which distinguish it about other environments . In order to perform its aim in produsing accouting information helps in making decisions on different levels, accounting standards should established in a form that harmonized with the environment that apply in it . Establishing international accounting standards comes with the same direction and then it has put influential with standards some states that have influence on international accounting standards committee. So because of the big changes that happened in the inte
... Show MoreOne of the common geotechnical problems is the construction on soft soil and the improvement of its geotechnical properties to meet the design requirements. A stone column is one of the well-known techniques used to improve the geotechnical properties of soft soils. Sometimes thick layers of soft soil imposed the designer to use floating stone columns for improvement of such soil; in this case, the designer will be lost the end bearing of the stone column. In this study, the effects of several patterns of floating stone columns distribution under footing on the bearing capacity of soil and the distribution of excess porewater pressure are investigated. The soft soil used in this study has a very low undrained shear strength (cu) of
... Show MoreIn this article the peristaltic transport of viscoelastic fluid through irregular microchannel under the effect of Hall current, varying viscosity and porous medium is investigated. The mathematical expressions for the basic flow equations of motion are formulated and transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by utilizing appropriate non dimensional quantities. The exact solution for the temperature distribution is obtained, while perturbation series solution for the stream function in terms of tiny viscosity parameter is used. Graphical illustrations are presented to capture the physical impact of embedded parameters in the fluid flow i.e. the fluid velocity field, temperature distribution, pressure rise, and
... Show MoreThis study evaluated the toxicity of ciprofloxacin to spleen and liver when used for the treatment of mice infected with S. typhi for seven days. The dose concentration used in these experiments was 100mg/kg. Mice were divided into two groups . The first group (negative control) was not given ciprofloxacin, but rather a sterile phosphate buffer solution (PBS) as an alternative. Ciprofloxacin was administered to the second group. After seven days , the animals were sacrificed and organs (liver and spleen) were collected . The histopathological examination showed normal hepatocytes in the liver and normal structure of spleen cells in animals of control group . However, the treated group showed dilated and congested blo
... Show MoreTemporomandibular Disorders (TMD) refer to a group of symptoms where pain is the most leading cause to demand a treatment by the patient. Light therapies are of great importance at current times due to its biosafety and non-invasive quality when used for the management of TMD symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of red LED light with low-level LASER in treating TMD patients.
A double-blind randomized clinical study was conducted and included 60 patients along 3 groups (20 for e